Standardized production Technology of Potato

(1) scope

This standardized production technology stipulates the technical requirements of seed selection and treatment, land selection, stubble selection, ploughing and preparation, fertilization, sowing, field management and harvest in the process of potato production. This standardized production technical regulation is applicable to the main potato producing areas, according to this implementation, in normal years, the yield per hectare can reach 30 tons.

(2) seed selection and seed potato treatment

1. Variety selection. On the basis of the application of virus-free seed potato, the suitable varieties were selected according to the use. Edible fresh potato production can choose Kexin 4, Kexin 12, Kexin 13, Dongnong 303, Zaodabai and other varieties; processing starch, noodles, etc., can choose Kexin 12, Youjin (88mur5), jute seed, etc.; processing French fries, potato chips, etc., can choose Atlantic Ocean, Charlotte and so on. Seed potato selection of young potato, strong potato, do not choose old potato, cracked potato, deformed potato, diseased potato.

2. Seed potato treatment. Sprouting by ①. Go out of the cellar 40-45 days before sowing, lay 2-3 layers indoors near the sun or outdoor leeward to the sun, keep the temperature 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, pay attention to prevent cold at night, turn once in 3-5 days, see the light evenly and promote the purple bud. Eliminate diseased and rotten potatoes in the process of sprouting. ② cut the plant. Mechanical sowing can cut large seeds, each weighing 35 grams; artificial sowing can cut small plants, each weighing 30 grams. Keep 1-2 budding eyes per plant. In the process of cutting and planting, the diseased and rotten potatoes are eliminated, and the knife is sterilized with 5% Lysol. Mix seeds with ③. After the potato cut was air-dried, the potato was evenly sprayed with abt rooting powder No. 5 or No. 8 10 mg / kg solution. The seeds were evenly mixed and covered with wet gunny bags for 12 hours, then sowed or mixed with plant ash.

(3) selecting land, selecting stubble, ploughing and preparing land

1. Choose the place. Select the land with deep foundation, loose soil and good drainage. Avoid alkaline land to prevent the occurrence of scab.

2. Choose stubble. Choose @ # 245 stubble, corn stubble, followed by soybean stubble (where the residual effect of herbicide was long in the previous stubble, potatoes should not be planted). Avoid beet stubble.

3. Ploughing and land preparation. Ridge after turning, raking, raking and suppressing. Plots of land prepared in spring should be raked to destroy stubble in early spring to reach the state of sowing.

(4) fertilization

Carry out soil testing and formula fertilization to achieve the reasonable collocation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements.

1. Base fertilizer. 1520 tons of high-quality agricultural fertilizer with more than 8% organic matter content is used as base fertilizer per hectare.

2. Grow fertilizer. Use urea 150 kg, diammonium 225 kg, potassium sulfate 75 kg to mix evenly or use special fertilizer or compound fertilizer with the same content of pure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (avoid potassium chloride), apply to the plants to avoid burning seeds.

3. Topdressing. Urea was applied once in combination with ploughing and shoveling at early flowering stage, or urea was applied at early flowering stage and full flowering stage respectively. The amount of urea per hectare is 100kg to 150kg. If possible, you can spray Huimanfeng, Jintianbao and other foliar fertilizer.

(5) sowing seeds

1. Sowing date. Sow seeds in time when the temperature stably passes through 6 ℃ ~ 7 ℃.

2. Broadcasting method. Use mechanical sowing or manual sowing. The ridges are trenched, and the original ridges are closed after artificial planting. Or take the seed buckle; after ploughing in the ridge and furrow, put the seeds evenly in the ridge, and then break the original ridge to form a new ridge to suppress it in time to prevent moisture loss.

3. Density. According to the conditions of varieties and soil fertility, early-maturing varieties and high-fertility plots should be closely planted, and late-maturing varieties and low-fertility plots should be sparsely planted. There are 60,000 ~ 70,000 seedlings per hectare in dense planting and 50,000 ~ 60,000 seedlings in sparse planting.

(6) Field management

1. Inspect the fields to replenish seedlings. After the seedlings come out, the field survey and replanting will be carried out to achieve the whole seedling.

2. Shovel in time. Before emergence, you can remove the topsoil, raise the ground temperature, and have the effect of killing weeds, but don't pick up too much soil. In the potato bud top soil, carry out a deep ploughing, shallow cultivation of the soil. After the seedlings come out, shovel once in time, plough again, cultivate less soil, increase the ground temperature and reduce water evaporation. Shovel twice and three times in the growth period, cultivate more soil, so that the ridge is narrow, the top of the ridge is wide, and the soil moisture is loosened, which is conducive to the expansion of tubers.

3. Control diseases, insect pests and weeds. While sowing, zinc parathion granules can be applied 60-70kg per hectare to control underground pests such as golden needles and grubs. In the early flowering stage, 500 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc or 500 times of 700 times solution of 70% Pak Tak Fu wettable powder or 350 times of 500 times liquid of 77% could kill wettable powder or 25% Ruidui wettable powder 500 times of 500 times to control potato late blight. The solution is 250kg to 300kg per hectare. Soil treatment 5-10 days after sowing (before emergence) to control weeds at seedling stage: 10% Acetochlor 1200-1500 g / ha plus 70% azinone 525-600 g / ha or 33% field supplement 3750 ml / ha, spray 450kg of water.

4. Pick buds. Pick the buds at the early flowering stage to reduce nutrient consumption and increase yield.

5. Take the big grass. The Beginning of Autumn took the big grass again.

(7) harvesting

1. Harvest time. Early-maturing varieties were harvested in late August, while mid-late-maturing varieties were harvested in mid-September.

2. Harvest method. Artificial ridge breaking requires proper wading, no stubble, no partial moisture, clean hugging and light picking, and preservation of covered soil in the field to prevent the drying of sweet potatoes.