Spring sowing cultivation techniques of Potato

Potato has the characteristics of high yield, early maturity, multi-use and wide distribution. in recent years, the planting area in spring in our region has expanded year by year.

1. Potato preparation likes sand loam and loam. Can be deep ploughing before winter, watering winter water, 2500-3000 kg per mu of organic fertilizer, leveling the land before sowing, watering enough soil moisture. Through the method of shallow ploughing and fertilization, 25 kg potassium sulfate, 25 kg diammonium and 15 kg urea were sprinkled on the surface per mu, and the rotary tillage rake was used to enter the soil. When ridging, the ridge width is 60 cm, the ridge height is 20 cm 25 cm, and the ridge spacing is 100 cm. The amount of fertilizer applied in ridges and furrows is about 2.5 kg per mu of urine, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of diammonium, 0.5 kg of borax, 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate and 1.5 kg of carbofuran granules.

2. Seed selection according to the characteristics of high summer temperature in our area, the harvest time must be before June 20, so virus-free potato varieties with early or extra-early maturity, high starch content and strong disease resistance should be selected. such as Zhongshu 2, Zhongshu 3, Zhongshu 4, Kexin 4, etc., harvested 50-60 days after emergence, the cultivation density is 6000-6500 plants per mu, and 150 kg of seed potatoes are needed per mu.

3. Before and after 15 January (25 days before sowing), the frozen seed potatoes were taken out and placed under 15: 20 ℃ scattered light to warm the seeds and promote germination. To urge strong buds, it is required to sow whole potatoes or sprouts with a length of 1 cm to 2 cm. Generally, the spring sowing temperature is low and rotten seeds are not easy to occur. In order to save seed potatoes, seed potatoes can be cut into pieces and planted in pieces. When cutting pieces, you can only cut longitudinally, not transversely, and only use buds instead of sprouting. Each kilogram of seed potatoes can be cut into 32 or 36 pieces, each piece should not be less than 25 grams. The cutter should be disinfected with alcohol. After cutting, the potato pieces should be washed with 600 times carbendazim suspension to rinse the surface starch of the incision, and accelerate germination after drying. When sprouting, the potato pieces should be stacked with 2-3 layers, shaded and given proper moisture. Generally, apple fresh-keeping bags that can hold 15 kilograms are used to spread 2-3 cm wet soil on the bottom (hand holding into a ball and falling to the ground). Fill the gap with wet soil and bury the seed potatoes in the second layer, and so on, each bag has three layers of seed potatoes, the top is covered with 2cm wet soil, and then tighten the mouth of the bag, punch 3cm holes around each layer, and plant it indoors. Keep room temperature at 15-20 ℃ and plant in about 25 days.

4. Planting when the temperature is stable at 5: 7 ℃, it can be planted in our area, generally using wide and narrow rows, ridge spacing 100cm, ridge width 60cm, one ridge planting two rows, narrow row 30cm, wide row 70cm, plant spacing 20cm, seed potato depth 8cm 10cm, covered with plastic film after planting. It can also be intercropped with other crops for higher benefit.

5. Field management. ① seedling management. Always keep the soil loose and breathable during the germination period, generally do not water before emergence, when irrigation is needed, small water is shallowly irrigated, and the soil is loosened immediately after irrigation. After emergence, early topdressing, early watering, and deep ploughing after watering. Watering during the growing period should be closely combined with mid-tillage, no drought, no watering, combined with shallow soil cultivation, only loose ploughing ridge and furrow soil. When the plant is 20 cm high, it is combined with watering to cultivate the soil. In the budding stage, it is necessary to cultivate soil and weed, apply appropriate amount of topdressing according to the seedling condition, and generally do not apply topdressing in early-maturing cultivation. ② tuber formation stage and expansion stage. To keep the soil moist and loose, there should be no shortage of water in the bud stage, the first three water in the flowering stage is the key, and warm irrigation should be prevented in the tuber forming period to prevent potato pieces from rotting. ③ harvest. Spring potato harvest should be carried out before the arrival of high temperature and rainy season according to market demand. Our district should harvest in mid-June. If fresh potatoes can be harvested in advance, the harvest should be carried out on sunny days and when the soil is dry.