Cultivation techniques of Potato covered with Straw

In 2000, Zhejiang Province carried out a study on the new technology of planting potato with no-tillage and straw mulch in rice field, changing "seed potato" to "laying potato" and "digging potato" to "picking up potato". The whole process can be vividly summarized as "setting, covering, picking and picking". Many processes such as ploughing and soil preparation, burrowing and planting, ploughing and weeding and potato digging are omitted, and the yield of fresh potatoes is more than 1500 kilograms per 667m2. A few years ago, our province successfully introduced this technology.

1. The varieties suitable for planting in our province are Dongnong 303, Kexin 4, Nanzhong 552 and Hubei potato 3, and the processed varieties are Atlantic and so on.

two。 The paddy field with deep plough layer, fertile and loose soil, good drainage and irrigation, rich in organic matter, neutral or slightly acidic and sandy should be selected. During rice harvest, the rice pile should not be too low or too high, and it is better to leave the pile 15 cm ~ 20 cm high. Before sowing, the box should be ditched with a width of 1.4 m ~ 1.6 m, a width of 20 cm ~ 30 cm and a depth of 15 cm ~ 20 cm. The soil dug up during the trench should be thrown evenly in the middle of the box, and the side of the box should be shaped into the back of a tortoise to facilitate drainage. Large weeds in the field can be eradicated manually and herbicides can not be applied.

3. In the treatment of seed potato, the fresh seed potato with no disease and insect pests, no freezing injury and smooth skin should be selected, and the whole potato with a single weight of about 30 grams should be selected. Its germination potential, seedling growth rate and yield are better than those of sliced seed potato. However, the production is often accompanied by a single seed potato weighing more than 50 grams. After cutting these seed potatoes with a knife, each seed potato must have one or two bud eyes with top advantage, otherwise it will not sprout or grow weakly after sowing. If you encounter rotten potatoes, the knife should be cleaned before you can continue to cut into pieces. Soak the sliced potato pieces in carbendazim solution for 3 to 5 minutes, spread out and dry the surface water, and mix the seeds with plant ash to prevent incision infection and decay. Don't touch the buds off the seed potatoes when sowing. Seed potatoes that have not yet passed the dormancy period need to be germinated in order to break the dormancy of seed potatoes and promote early germination, early emergence and neat emergence.

4. Timely sowing spring potato in Changsha area before and after the Spring Festival (mid-late December to January of the following year), autumn potato is sown in the End of Heat's side (late August), and other areas can be sowed ahead or later according to latitude and altitude. The treated seed potatoes were placed directly on the side of the box, with four or five rows per box, with a row spacing of 35 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm, and sowed 4500 ~ 5500 plants per 667m2. Press the seed potato a little hard when sowing so that the bud eyes are in full contact with the soil.

5. Fertilize and cover grass after sowing, cover seeds with ash fertilizer (plant ash, coal ash, fire soil ash) mixed with mature pig manure 1500 kg, it is appropriate to cover seedless potato, and then spread compound fertilizer 30 kg ~ 40 kg every 667m2. Then cover rice straw 8cm ~ 10cm thick. (it is not suitable to cover rice straw after mechanical harvesting, which will cause potatoes not to emerge.) in case of drought, wet straw should be watered; in case of strong wind, the straw should be pressed with branches to prevent the wind from blowing up the grass. After covering the grass, clear the ditch and press the soil dug up in the ditch evenly on the straw to prevent the straw from being blown away by the strong wind, resulting in the exposure of seed potatoes.

6. Water management during the growth and development period of autumn potato, we must ensure that there is enough water, especially during the expansion period of potato tuber, the aboveground transpiration is exuberant, the underground stem grows rapidly, and the water demand is the most, and the soil should always be kept moist. To promote tuber expansion, but also conducive to the rot of rice straw. In case of drought, small water should be irrigated along the box to make the water slowly seep into the box, not flood irrigation. In years with more autumn rain or low-lying places, attention should be paid to drainage and waterproofing. Pay more attention to clearing ditches and draining water in time after the beginning of spring.

7. Timely harvest when the stems and leaves are yellow, that is, the mature characteristics of potato pieces, it can be harvested. When planting small areas in rural areas, the big potatoes can be harvested first, leaving the small potatoes in the field to continue to grow. The potato is covered with straw. 70% of the tubers grow on the ground, and the tubers are rarely buried in the soil. When harvesting, just pluck the straw away and pick up the potatoes.