Key points of cultivation techniques of Winter Potato

Potato is a money, grain, fertilizer and harvest crop. Planting potato in winter fallow field is an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase farmers' income. The key points of cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Land selection and soil preparation: winter potato should choose sandy loam or tidal sand mud field with convenient transportation, fertile soil, deep soil layer, loose structure and good drainage and irrigation conditions. During the late rice harvest, the grain head was cut low, deep ploughing and raking, ridging and furrowing 1.2 meters, with a width of 0.85 to 0.9 meters, a width of 0.25 meters, and a ridge height of 0.25 meters. Soil preparation requires fine pieces of soil and straight bottom of ridges and ditches.

two。 Seed potato treatment: (1) seed potato preservation. Get rid of the diseased rotten potato in the seed potato, choose a cool and dry place sand storage, with dry fine sand at the bottom of 5 cm, put a layer of seed potato, and then cover a layer of fine sand. (2) cut the seed potato into pieces. 1-2 days before sowing, cut into 250g potato pieces with 2 bud eyes. If you cut a diseased potato, soak the knife in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for a few seconds before continuing. When cutting pieces, first cut oblique or ring from the base, and then cut the terminal bud into two pieces longitudinally, bringing as much potato meat as possible. (3) seed potato disinfection. 2.5 kilograms of gypsum powder, 12.5 grams of methyl topiramate and 12.5 grams of metalaxyl manganese and zinc were mixed and sprinkled on the seed potato incision to prevent disease and rot, and the top and base potato pieces were stored in a cool, dry place with scattered light.

3. Sowing at the right time: it is appropriate to sow seeds in the first and middle of November, generally sowing 4000-5000 plants per mu. Before sowing, apply basic fertilizer in deep trenches in the middle of the border, apply 1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 15 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10 kg of urea per mu, mix evenly and cover the soil. Each row is planted with a row spacing of (0.25-0.3) m × 0.25 m. The plant is planted in the shape of a hole, and it is planted as close to the middle of the border as possible to cultivate the soil after planting.

4. Scientific fertilization: adequate basic fertilizer, early topdressing, skillful foliar fertilizer, frequent and thin application. Apply Qi seedling fertilizer at about 60% of seedling emergence, apply urea 3 kg to human feces and urine or water 1750 kg per mu, apply potato fertilizer after 10 days, 1750 kg urea to human feces and urine to 1750 kg per mu, and re-apply potato block expansion fertilizer before blooming and ridge sealing. apply 10kg compound fertilizer plus 5kg potassium sulfate to water 1750 kg per mu, combined with spraying foliar fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. 0 days before harvest, the mu was sprayed with "92 ○" 1 gram and 75 kg of water to delay senescence and increase yield.

5. Water management: potato is sensitive to water, and its water requirement is characterized by less early stage, more expansion period and less later. Therefore, if the topsoil turns white in case of drought after sowing, it is necessary to timely irrigate the horse water, keep the soil moist, prevent sudden drying and wetting of malformed potatoes, and drain water 15 days before harvest to avoid excessive water absorption, cracking or decay.

6. Cultivating soil in time: in order to prevent weeds competing for fertilizer with potato, increase potato layer to increase yield, prevent potato from turning green and deformed, and improve commodity rate, it is necessary to cultivate soil more than twice. The first time was carried out when the seedling height was about 20-25 cm within 10 days after the full seedling, and the second time before the stem and leaf ridges were sealed. The border surface near the plant is often checked in the middle and later period, and the soil should be cultivated in time if there is any crack. Avoid damaging the stem or pressing the leaves when cultivating the soil.

7. Disease control and pest control: the main diseases and insect pests of potato are ground tiger, mole cricket, aphid, tuber moth, bacterial wilt, late blight, ring rot and so on. Aphids and mites can be controlled by aphids and mites after the seedlings, and 0.5 kg phoxim and 0.25 kg Ye Qing Shuang per mu can control underground pests, bacterial wilt and ring rot in the first fertilization. 0.5 kg per mu of trichlorfon can control tuber moth in the third fertilization, and late blight should be controlled by spraying 800 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc once every 10 days.

8. Timely harvest: when the potato stems and leaves turn yellow and the basal leaves fall off, they can be harvested. Choose a sunny day, use a plough without plough iron to turn ridges to pick up potatoes to reduce damage, and give up green heads or green potatoes, directly @ # @ 136 potatoes @ or spread indoors to dry, avoid direct sunlight and affect quality.