The harm of mycotoxin to pigs and its prevention

After eating corn with mycotoxin, pigs showed symptoms such as growth stagnation, reproductive disorders (dead sperm, infertility, stillbirth, etc.), emaciation, decreased disease resistance and so on, which caused great economic losses to the production. In order to facilitate breeders' judgment and timely prevention and treatment, different symptoms of mycotoxin poisoning and their preventive measures are introduced as follows.

I. harm of mycotoxins to pigs

1. Aflatoxin. It is the most harmful toxin in pig production. ⑴ is the strongest immunosuppressant. When pigs eat the feed contaminated by it, the immune system is disturbed, the susceptibility to epidemic disease is increased, and the effect of drug treatment is poor. ⑵ is a clotting factor inhibitor, which is characterized by prolonged bleeding, subserous ecchymosis, small intestine and colon bleeding. ⑶ invades the liver, resulting in decreased liver function, enlarged liver and reduced bile secretion, resulting in a decrease of more than 10% in the utilization rate of protein and fat in feed.

2. Zearalenone. It is a mycotoxin that has estrogenic effect on corn, sorghum and corn. The clinical symptoms varied with the exposure dose and the age of pigs. Feed containing zearalenone 1-5 mg / kg can cause early estrus, vulvar edema, prolapse and precocious breast development in young sows; enlarged prepuce, decreased libido and smaller testis in young boars; luteal retention, non-estrus and false pregnancy in adult sows; early embryonic death and abortion will occur if zearalenone is more than 30 mg / kg in pregnant sows.

3. Ochratoxin. It is a kind of fungal nephrotoxin. Feeding pigs with feed containing 1 mg / kg of aflatoxin for 3 months can cause diarrhea, anorexia and dehydration, growth retardation, low feed utilization rate, and autopsy usually shows pale and hard kidney, namely rubber kidney.

4. Crescentic toxin. Feeding feed containing crescentin can cause direct skin irritation and necrosis, severe damage to the lymphatic system, gastroenteritis and decreased feed intake, and in severe cases lead to refusing to eat, vomiting or cardiovascular failure in pigs.

5. Ergot toxin. Pigs fed with a diet containing ergot toxin can show depression, reduced food intake, poor general condition, claudication of the hind legs and severe necrosis of the tail, ears and hooves within a few days or weeks.

6. Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium oxysporum. It is common in corn. When the content of feed is higher than 120 mg / kg, it can cause pulmonary edema and pleural effusion, the incidence rate is as high as 50%, and the case fatality rate is 50-90%.

II. Preventive measures

⑴ feed factories and farms should strictly control the use of feed materials contaminated by mycotoxins, and it is strictly forbidden to use moldy and deteriorated feed to feed pigs.

⑵ soaked corn with 1.5% sodium hydroxide and plant ash water, and then washed it with clean water for many times until the soaking solution was clarified.

⑶ chooses effective anti-mildew agent and toxin adsorbent. At present, the toxin adsorbents on the market have better effects, such as Baianming, mildew can be removed, demycin, mildew can be absorbed, etc., and the addition amount is 0.05-0.2% depending on the mildew of feed.

Third, treatment measures. After the occurrence of mycotoxin poisoning, should immediately stop feeding moldy feed, replace high-quality feed, at the same time symptomatic treatment.

⑴ is infused with 30-50g of sodium sulfate, 50-100mg of liquid paraffin and 500-1000 mg of water to expel intestinal endotoxin and protect intestinal mucosa. ⑵ showed brain edema and was injected intravenously with 20% mannitol 1-2 g / kg body weight twice a day. Vaginal prolapse and anal prolapse in ⑶ should be cleaned and disinfected before suture by surgical operation and treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. When ⑷ has symptoms such as ascites, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, nephroma, diarrhea and mental malaise, glucose + vitamin C + inosine can be infused intravenously to protect the liver and kidney; if necessary, florfenicol is injected intramuscularly or mixed to control secondary infection.