Occurrence and control of epidemic diseases in pigs at different feeding stages

Morbidity of pigs at different feeding stages

Incidence of three major infectious diseases in pigs

Classical swine fever, swine erysipelas and swine pneumonia are collectively referred to as the three major infectious diseases of pigs. In China, the total mortality of infected pigs accounts for about 8% of the total number of pigs raised, and the mortality of pigs in better control areas is also 5%. Therefore, the level of pig disease prevention and control should be improved. If the total mortality rate of pigs can be reduced by one percentage point every year, it is equivalent to increasing the output of 5 million pigs, which is a huge wealth.

According to relevant statistics, more than 80% of pig deaths are caused by diseases, and infectious diseases account for about 70%~80% of all pig diseases, among which swine fever, swine erysipelas and pig lung diseases account for 70% of pig infectious diseases. Therefore, in the prevention and control of pig diseases, the prevention and control of these three diseases has become the top priority.

Because the attenuated vaccine of classical swine fever developed in China is one of the advanced vaccines in the world, the epidemic prevention effect of the vaccine of classical swine fever, swine erysipelas vaccine and swine erysipelas vaccine produced by designated pharmaceutical factories in China is relatively reliable. All three diseases can be effectively controlled in areas where scientific immunization procedures are followed and scientific vaccination density is maintained. However, the grass-roots veterinary epidemic prevention team in some areas is unstable, and the epidemic prevention density of pigs cannot be guaranteed. In some areas, the immunization program could not keep up with the changes of@#@227@#@situation, and the disease still occurred after vaccination; in some areas, atypical swine fever occurred; in some areas, the long-term use of dual vaccine led to the occurrence of swine pneumonia from time to time, causing undue losses to the local pig industry.

Prevention and Control of Epidemic Disease in Swine Stage

The mortality of piglets from 1 week to 2 weeks after birth accounts for 65% of the mortality of piglets from birth to 1 week to 2 weeks after weaning, while the mortality of piglets accounts for 70% of the mortality of pigs in their whole life. Therefore, it is important to feed and manage piglets and prevent diseases in piglets.

1. The disease is related to feeding management. Newborn pigs are not properly cold-proof and warm, which is easy to cause colds, diarrhea and even death (such as crushing and crushing caused by cold-proof pigs); failure to timely supplement calcium can lead to anemia and indigestion of piglets.

2. Red dysentery, yellow dysentery, white dysentery, paratyphoid fever, edema disease, etc. of piglets mostly occur at this stage, and the causes of these diseases are roughly as follows:

(1)Low maternal antibody titer or no maternal antibody;

(2)Poor health of sows;

(3)Poor sanitary conditions in pig houses;

(4)Swine has not been vaccinated according to the immunization procedures for relevant diseases or has not been prevented by relevant drugs.

3. The growth rate of piglets, especially the survival rate and litter weight at weaning, is an important index to measure the breeding benefit of a pig farm. In the piglet stage, once the piglet is sick, even if it is cured by treatment, it will still have a great impact on the growth of its fattening stage, and some will form a stiff pig.

Prevention and control of epidemic diseases should be prioritized

1. Priorities should be distinguished in the prevention of epidemic diseases. For infectious diseases such as swine colibacillosis, swine fever, swine erysipelas, swine lung disease, swine paratyphoid fever, streptococcosis, asthma, etc., most of them have epidemic (bacterial) vaccines at present, so they should be vaccinated according to their respective immunization procedures to avoid the time of cross stress of immunization.

2. Prioritize the treatment of diseases. When infectious diseases and common diseases occur at the same time, infectious diseases should be given priority; when two infectious diseases occur at the same time, severe infectious diseases and zoonotic diseases should be given priority; when some secondary infections occur (such as secondary diseases caused by influenza), differential diagnosis should be made.

Diseases of pigs at different feeding stages

Piglet stage (birth to 1 - 2 weeks after weaning)

This period of time is a critical period for pig growth, most infectious diseases, some parasitic diseases and nutritional deficiencies caused by improper feeding management can pose a threat to pigs, causing disease. There are many diseases that can lead to direct death of piglets. Common diseases are as follows:

Swine red diarrhea occurs mostly in young pigs within 1 week of age.

The incidence of neonatal pullorum was high.

Edema disease mostly occurred in piglets aged from 40 to 70 days, rarely occurred in piglets aged within 10 days, and tended to increase recently.

Swine fever can be infected from suckling pigs to piglets before and after weaning, and the younger the sick pigs, the faster they die.

Porcine erysipelas are caused by the disease of sows.

Pig lung disease rarely occurs in suckling pigs, weaned pigs in the epidemic period can be infected with disease.

Swine streptococci disease is highly susceptible, and septicemia often leads to rapid death of piglets.

Swine paratyphoid occurred mostly in unvaccinated piglets aged from 2 to 4 months, and rarely occurred in piglets aged within 1 month.

The incidence of swine influenza is low in piglets and high in weaned pigs.

Haemophilus suis disease is often secondary to swine influenza infection.

Congenital muscle tremors in piglets occur sporadically in some areas, often in whole litters, and newborn pigs are often starved or crushed to death.

FMD has a high mortality rate in piglets infected with FMD. Suckling pigs infected with this disease often do not see blister symptoms, often acute gastroenteritis or myocarditis and death.

Transmissible gastroenteritis has a high mortality rate for piglets under 10 days of age.

Pigs infected with pneumonematodes before weaning can die in large numbers.

Pig ascariasis can be infected after 1 week of age.

Swine cysticercosis can infect pigs in endemic areas, but clinical symptoms rarely occur.

Swine anemia is one of the common diseases of suckling pigs from 2 to 4 weeks old, and pigs from 3 to 10 days old can die suddenly.

Rickets (rickets) is caused by calcium and phosphorus deficiency or imbalance, among which congenital rickets is caused by poor bone development in the embryonic period of pigs caused by nutritional deficiency in sows.

Fattening stage (line pigs-large pigs)

The fattening stage is another critical stage of pig (commercial pig) growth. During this period, as pigs grew at their fastest rate, various diseases followed. Whether it is a common infectious disease, parasitic disease, metabolic disease or poisoning disease, it is a problem that must be paid attention to in pig farms of all sizes, and various prevention and control measures must be implemented.

Among the common diseases in the piglet stage, except yellow and white dysentery, edema disease caused by Escherichia coli, paratyphoid fever, piglet anemia and rickets, most of the other infectious diseases and parasitic diseases can be infected in the fattening stage, and the incidence rate far exceeds that in the piglet stage, posing a great threat to the pig industry.

In addition to the common frequently-occurring diseases in the offspring stage, almost all pig infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, metabolic diseases and poisoning diseases can be infected or developed in the fattening stage. Therefore, each pig farm must develop a disease prevention system and measures suitable for the actual situation of the field.

1. Immunization against infectious diseases should be carried out according to procedures. For newly purchased weaned pigs, the epidemic prevention situation should be carefully understood, and the necessary vaccines (such as dual vaccine, triple vaccine) should be supplemented; for some seasonal infectious diseases, the pigs should be immunized one month in advance; for infectious diseases that have no effective vaccine at present, drug prevention should be carried out 15 days in advance.

2. Regular drug deworming. Parasitic diseases are very serious to fattening pigs. In addition to intestinal parasites, cysticercosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonotic diseases, among which toxoplasmosis can also cause seasonal and regional epidemics. Most parasitic diseases currently do not have effective vaccines and must be dewormed and prevented regularly with drugs. The manure of pig farm should be accumulated and fermented, and biological heat should be used to kill eggs.

3. Prevention of common diseases by strengthening feeding management. Many common diseases such as trace element deficiency, vitamin deficiency, poisoning, etc. can be prevented by feeding high quality compound feed. Therefore, nutrition and hygiene of feed and drinking water should be strengthened.

4. Some infectious diseases can be prevented by adding drugs. At present, there is no effective vaccine for preventing some swine infectious diseases, such as swine influenza, haemophilus, viral diarrhea, swine dysentery, etc. At present, there are some Chinese herbal medicine compound powders and powders on the market, which can be used for prevention and treatment by mixing feed, and some Chinese herbal medicine powders also have growth promoting effects.

5. Observe strict sanitation and disinfection system. Intensive pig farm housing due to good conditions and facilities, easy to clean and disinfect. The sanitary conditions of farmers 'free-range houses are poor, so they must be cleaned frequently and padded with new soil frequently. Feces are accumulated and fermented. Disinfectants are often sprayed on the houses, and the ceilings, inner and outer walls and passages of the houses are thoroughly disinfected regularly.