Mechanized high-yield cultivation techniques of soybean close planting

The comprehensive high-yield cultivation technology of soybean close planting mechanization is on the basis of soybean three-ridge cultivation technology, continuing to maintain deep loosening, layered deep fertilization, precision sowing, absorbing foreign experience in increasing production, such as narrow row close planting and semi-dwarf varieties, and combined with supporting machines and tools, a mechanized comprehensive high-yield cultivation technique is assembled, including flat sowing and small ridge dense planting techniques.

I. Technical advantages

1. Reasonable close planting to increase yield. The technical characteristics are reasonable close planting, uniform distribution of crops and increase of crop photosynthesis. Select semi-dwarf varieties with lodging resistance, increase the number of seedlings per hectare by 1/4, increase the yield by 20%, and increase the yield by about 50 kg per mu.

2. Deep pine stores water and preserves soil moisture. After deep loosening, the land can increase the capacity of storing water and preserving soil moisture, break the bottom of the plough and build an underground reservoir, which can accept Rain Water in large quantities, so that the surface does not produce runoff, prevent soil erosion, increase the depth of the tillage layer, and play a role in soil improvement.

3. Soil moisture is good in autumn, which is beneficial to spring sowing. After deep loosening, rotary ploughing, leveling and raking are carried out to reach the state of waiting for sowing, to prevent soil water evaporation, and to sow the whole seedling at one time.

4. Reduce the activity cost. Deep pine can be planted for three consecutive years, only once a year rotary tillage, precision sowing, mechanical closed weeding, can reduce the production cost. Reducing the number of tractors entering the ground can improve the soil structure, reduce the soil bulk density and create a good environment for soybean growth.

II. Technical requirements

1. Requirements for ploughing. Deep loosening soil preparation, deep loosening using ISQ- 350 omni-directional deep loosening machine operation, deep loosening depth of more than 35 cm. After deep loosening, mechanical rotary tillage is used for soil preparation, and bean stubble can be rotated directly. It is required to flatten and rake fine, to reach the state of waiting for sowing, must not be deep loosening in autumn, spring rotary tillage, resulting in water evaporation loss. There is no remedial measures for deep loosening, deep loosening with chisel-type subsoiling machine before sowing, rotary ploughing, sowing and suppression are carried out immediately after subsowing to prevent soil moisture loss.

2. Selection and treatment of varieties. Kenjiandou 23 can be selected as the main variety, matched with Hefeng 42 and Dongnong 10. Semi-dwarf varieties suitable for close planting and lodging resistance should be selected. After seed selection and removal of diseases and insect pests, the purity is not less than 98% and the germination rate is not less than 95%. The seed coating agent ND special seed coating agent produced by Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University can be used, and the dosage is 1%-1.5% of the seed. It can be coated with a coating machine, and the artificial coating should be fully wrapped and evenly wrapped.

3. Fertilization requirements: the amount of fertilizer used per hectare is 240 kg ~ 320 kg, including diammonium 150 kg ~ 200 kg, urea 40 kg ~ 60 kg (including topdressing 20 kg), potassium sulfate 50 kg ~ 60 kg. Sowing at the same time, layer-by-layer deep application, the first layer planted 4 cm 6 cm, the second layer 8 cm 12 cm. Apply one ton of organic fertilizer per mu where there are conditions, and spread it evenly on the ground surface before soil preparation in autumn. It is best to use soil testing formula to apply fertilizer, and the total amount of fertilizer application is more than 15% higher than that of the conventional planting method. Topdressing was sprayed on the leaves at the early flowering stage and grain filling stage, with the amount of urea 10 kg per hectare + boron molybdenum fertilizer 200 g or ammonium molybdate 150 g per hectare.

4. Sowing requirements: sowing begins when the temperature is stable through 7: 8 ℃, the sowing time usually begins on May 5, the sowing time can not exceed 15 days, the sowing time is delayed, the seedling is late, the crop root system is underdeveloped, the root is shallow, and it is easy to lodge. The sowing method is horizontal sowing, the row spacing is 45 cm, the plant spacing is 11cm, the number of seedlings is about 36 ~ 400000, and the sowing depth is 3cm, which is suppressed in time after sowing to prevent moisture loss.

5. Chemical weeding: close weeding is carried out between sowing and three days before emergence. The amount of water per hectare is 225,450 kg. Use small four-wheel with small sprayer to work.

The formulation and dosage per hectare are as follows:

1) 50% Acetochlor 2.5 kg + 80% Kuocaoqing 60 g mixed spray.

2) 50% Acetochlor + 70% Saike 300mm 600g mixed spray.

3) 90% of the crops were sprayed with 2kg + 20% daihuanglong 150g.

6. Field management: crop growth must be observed from early flowering to full flowering of soybean. if the growth is too prosperous, chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol or soybean bumper harvest treasure can be sprayed to protect flowers and pods and prevent lodging. At the beginning of August, depending on the situation of weeds, a manual pick-up of weeds was carried out.

7. Harvest: in the yellow ripe period, the small four-wheel tractor can be harvested in sections with a cutting frame and concentrated threshing; in the mature period, a large-scale combined crawler low cutting device can be used for direct harvesting, with stubble less than 6 cm. The comprehensive loss rate is less than 3%, the clay face is less than 5%, and the cleaning rate is more than 95%.