Key points of reasonable harvesting methods of soybean
Soybeans should be harvested in time after ripening. If the pods lose too much water in the late harvest, it is easy to explode the pods and cause losses. The suitable harvest time should be determined according to different harvest methods. Those harvested with a sickle begin to harvest after all the soybean leaves have fallen off, and the nutrients have basically stopped being transported to the grains. Mechanical harvesting must be harvested after the whole plant is fully mature and dried.
Manual harvesting is best carried out in the morning, when the bean plant has more water content, does not stick in the hand, and is not easy to explode pods. It is required to cut the stubble low, do not show the horse's ears, and do not miss the cut. If the water content of the grain is relatively high after cutting, it can be dried in the field for a few days, and the dry seeds can be transported back to the yard in time for palletizing. Mechanical harvesting should reduce stubble and loss as much as possible, and at the same time improve the drum gap at high speed to prevent the gap from being too large, unclean or too small to increase the number of broken grains.
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Causes and control countermeasures of sclerotia in soybean
The main results were as follows: 1. The symptom field showed that the upper leaves of the plant became brown and died first, and the stem of the diseased plant continued to develop brown disease spots, resulting in white cotton flocculent mycelium and white particles, and then turned black to become sclerotia. In the stem of the longitudinal dissection plant, there were black cylindrical sclerotia arranged in turn. The diseased plant is gray-white after death, the hollow cortex of the stem is often rotten into hemp silk, and the sclerotia outside the diseased plant is easy to fall off. The disease spot on the pod is brown, it dies quickly and cannot bear fruit, and finally the whole pod is pale. Although the mildly diseased pod can be grained, the diseased grain is rotten or.
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The root of soybean
The root system of soybean belongs to straight root. It can be divided into main root and lateral root, both of which have dense root hairs. The main part of the root is 5-20 cm in the soil, and the whole root system is approximately bell-shaped. There is symbiosis between rhizobium and soybean on soybean root. When soybean sprouts, rhizobium invades the root. When soybean grows the first compound leaf, root nodule is formed on soybean root, first is the main root, and then gradually spreads to lateral root. Nodules are produced by rod-shaped rhizobia with 1-2 flagella at one end. It is a kind of aerobic bacteria, which mainly lives near the earth.
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