The latest High-yield cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which contains nutrients such as Gastrodia elata sugarcane, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, vanilla alcohol, vitamin An and so on. It has the function of relieving spasm, relieving pain, anti-convulsion and lowering blood pressure. It mainly treats headache, vertigo, hypertension, wind-warm low back and knee pain, limb numbness, infantile epilepsy, insomnia, brain and cardiovascular disease. It has important value in medicine. At present, the supply of products exceeds demand, and the price is rising year by year, up to more than 200 yuan per kilogram, especially the export price is more expensive. Gastrodia elata used to be wild, generally growing in mountain forests at an altitude of 500 to 1500 meters above sea level, the yield is rare and difficult to collect. The development of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata has a broad prospect. When sown and harvested in the same year, it can produce 20 kg of Gastrodia elata per square meter, with an income of 500,600 yuan, and the economic benefit is very high. the latest high-yield cultivation is introduced as follows: Armillaria cultivation is a symbiotic relationship of parasitism and saprophytism, which mainly depends on the nutrition provided by Armillaria.

1. The selection of fungus materials:

All trees such as broad-leaved trees can be used as fungus, but oak trees (green bark trees) and cherry trees are the best. No matter the branch or branch can be used as fungus material, but the fungus material with diameter 5~8cm is better, the felling season should be when the new buds appear every year, generally cut the tree from February to March, saw it into 1 meter long, put it in the sun, cool for 1 month or 2 months, let it die as soon as possible, 4 ~ 5 months can be used as a fungus.

2. Bacteria:

Bacteria can be produced either indoors or outdoors. First lay a layer of sand about 3~5cm thick on the ground, with a width of 1 meter and no limit in length, then cut the prepared tree sticks into slants every other 15~20cm and place them side by side on the sand, sprinkle with pre-cultured Armillaria mellea strains, fill with sand, and take the 2cm higher than the stick surface as standard, and then, according to the same method, put the second layer of tree holding and sprinkling bacteria, which can be placed in turn for 4 and 5 layers. Finally, it is covered with 10cm thick sand. In order to keep the sand with a certain degree of humidity and moisture, it can also be covered with grass lotus or plastic film, and can also be watered and moisturized. The key to the growth of Armillaria mellea is the management of temperature and humidity. The suitable temperature for the growth of Armillaria mellea is 10: 28 ℃, but the most suitable is 18: 22 ℃. It can be adjusted according to the natural air temperature and the packing density of bacteria rods, especially in the process of mycelium growth. At this time, the best temperature in the pile should not exceed 25 ℃, and the humidity should keep the water content of sand at 50%. Prevent excessive dryness or stagnant water from affecting mycelium growth. After more than two months of cultivation, Armillaria mellea has covered the whole tree stick and become fungus material. At this time, it is necessary to decide whether to expand the fungus material culture according to the cultivation scale of Gastrodia elata. The way of expanding the cultivation of the fungus material is to use the fungus material to propagate the fungus material, and the new and the old are alternately carried out according to the above-mentioned method, and the bacteria can also be piled into a "well" shape. The cultivation season of Gastrodia elata can be cultivated from November to April of the following year. Except for the coldest "count Nine" or unsuitable snowy days, Gastrodia elata can be cultivated in the rest of the time (it will be damaged by freezing because it is too cold), and it is best to be cultivated in March or November of the following year. If it is cultivated in March, it can be harvested in November of that year or in November of the following year.

Cultivation methods: there are a variety of cultivation methods of Gastrodia elata. This paper introduces two cultivation methods: indoor and outdoor.

1. Indoor flat cultivation: Gastrodia elata can be cultivated in both large and small rooms, preferably warm in winter and cool in summer, the indoor temperature is between 10 and 25 ℃, and the effect of basement or air-raid shelter is the best. The cultivation method is to first spread the sand of 3~5cm on the ground, and then put one old and one new on the sand, the distance is 10~15cm, and one old and one new branch can be placed horizontally between the old and the new, the distance is 10~15cm, when filling the sand to half of the fungus, and then put Gastrodia elata seed, Gastrodia elata seed is placed vertically on both sides of the fungus, and each flax is separated by 12~15cm, then cover with sand to flood the fungus 2~3cm, then sow the second layer with the same method, and finally cover the sand with 7~10cm thickness. External film covers heat preservation and moisturizing (if the basement can be insulated and moisturized, the basement can not be covered with film).

2. Outdoor border planting: outdoor planting of Gastrodia elata is to choose a place without stagnant water or sloping land to do the border, and to use under the forest or artificial shade shed, or to build grass lotus and plant green grass to solve the problem of direct sunlight, Gastrodia elata will get high yield. After selecting the site, dig deep 40cm from the flat ground, the width is determined according to the length of the fungus, and the flat bed of unlimited length, first spread 5cm thick sand at the bottom, discharge the new and old fungus every distance of 10~15cm, and then make the new and old fungus branches horizontally to connect the new and old fungus as to transmit bacteria to each other. When filling the sand to half of the fungus, Gastrodia elata is placed vertically on both sides of the fungus, the distance is 12~15cm, then cover with sand 5~6cm, and sow the second layer with the same method. Finally, cover with 7~10cm thick sand (which can be flat or higher than the ground), cover with film and lotus, or plant green grass as a measure to cool and moisturize in the shade shed. Management technology of Gastrodia elata after sowing, whether indoor or outdoor, it is mainly the management of temperature and humidity.

1, temperature: Gastrodia elata growth suitable for 12: 25 ℃, but the most suitable for 15: 22 ℃, more than 25 ℃ or less than 10 ℃ stop growing, more than 30 ℃ less than 2 ℃ quickly die, so hold and control the temperature is the key to the growth of Gastrodia elata, if the temperature is too low, you can take film cover and then add grass lotus heat preservation, the temperature is too high can also cover grass lotus, shade shed, planting green grass and other cooling methods. In a word, keeping warm in winter and cool in summer is the ideal environment for the growth of Gastrodia elata.

2. Humidity: Gastrodia elata is cultivated indoors, and the surface of sandy soil can be covered with plastic film to moisturize. Outdoor cultivation should not only keep moisture from drying, but also prevent Rain Water from scouring and stagnant water. Drainage ditches can be dug around. In some cases of drought, water can be sprinkled and moisturized or covered with plastic film and grass lotus. In short, keep the surface of sandy soil moist to a certain extent, and the water content should be between 50% and 55%.

3. Do not turn Gastrodia elata after cultivation to prevent human and animal trampling and insect pests.

In order to prevent pests from entering the site, trenches can be dug around the Gastrodia elata cultivation ground and scattered with lime powder or other insect pesticides. Harvesting and processing of Gastrodia elata

1. Harvest: the harvesting and cultivation of Gastrodia elata are carried out at the same time, generally picking, harvesting and sowing, commercial hemp (hemp) is selected and processed into commodities, whitehead hemp and rice hemp continue to be used as seeds, and cultivated in time, the original fungus materials are added and new materials are cultivated according to the above methods. Harvest method: first dig up the surface sand, take out the fungus, and then put the commercial flax, white-headed hemp and rice hemp in the basket to prevent the quality from being affected by digging Gastrodia elata.

2. Processing: after Gastrodia elata is harvested, it should be processed in time, otherwise it will continue to grow or bolt, consuming nutrients and emptying the body. There are a variety of processing methods of Gastrodia elata, the following two are introduced for selection.

(1) after rinsing the fresh Gastrodia elata with clean water to cool and dry, stir-fry the fine sand in the pan until the sand turns red (when the shredded paper is on fire). It can be put in Gastrodia elata, and keep turning, the time should be short and stir-fry until the outer coke of Gastrodia elata is endogenous. take it out when the noise becomes small, then put it in a prepared cold water basin and gently scrape off the rough skin of Gastrodia elata with a bamboo knife while it is hot. After washing, bleach it in alum water for about 10 minutes and take it out for drying. Finally, add sulphur Kang with carbon fire until it is fully dry, that is, a translucent milky yellow commercial standard flax.

(2) simple processing method: rub the husk of fresh Gastrodia elata to remove the rough skin, bleach it with alum for 10 minutes, then rinse with clean water and steam the steamer until it is transparent to the light, then the Kang is dried or dried for 60 to 70%, the wood can be pressed flat, and then add sulfur Kang to the whole dry to form a transparent commodity. After Gastrodia elata is dried, it is stored in a plastic bag against moisture.