Cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata

Black Gastrodia elata has a good shape, high drying rate (3 jin of fresh products dry 1 jin of dry products), excellent quality, and the price of Gastrodia elata is three or four times higher than that of Gastrodia elata and Gastrodia elata. The reason why the price of Gastrodia elata is high, but also because of artificial cultivation, or wild distribution of the area and quantity are very small. Therefore, the artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata needs to grasp the following key points:

1. Cultivation area. Gastrodia elata is mostly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and three northeastern provinces. In the Yangtze River basin, Gastrodia elata is distributed or cultivated only in the mountains above 1500 meters above sea level. Therefore, artificial introduction and cultivation, it is best to be in the place of 1500-2000 meters. According to our experiment, the effect of introduction and cultivation is very poor at places below 1200 meters above sea level. Therefore, the artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata should be chosen in the cool place in the high mountain in order to achieve the effect of both high quality and high yield.

2. Selection of seed hemp. Because the water content of Gastrodia elata is less, so is the seed. Therefore, the number of white hemp with the same quantity and size is usually 40-50 per jin of Gastrodia elata, while that of Gastrodia elata is only 30-40. In this way, when introducing the seed of Gastrodia elata, we should not only weigh the weight, but also calculate the quantity of the seed. Planting one square meter of red Gastrodia elata requires 1 jin of seed, while planting one square meter of black Gastrodia elata requires 1.2 jin of seed.

3. Cultivate Armillaria mellea. In cork oak, sesame oak, mistletoe oak, cherry, Juglans mandshurica, milk, incense tree and so on, this kind of tree wood is solid and resistant to decay, and the bark is thick, not easy to fall off. This kind of tree is the best to cultivate Gastrodia elata. The diameter of the tree should be 5-12 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length when the tube is broken. Branches less than 5 cm in diameter can be cut into short branches 5-10 cm long and placed evenly around the coarse fungus. The amount of fungus should be 8-10 per square meter (or one cellar), 25-30 kg in weight and 8-10 kg in short branches. The culture time of bacterial materials is from March to April in spring, two bottles of bacteria are used in one cellar, and 1.5 jin are used in one cellar from August to September in autumn.

4. Cultivation methods. When sowing, the seed hemp is placed close to the fungus material, and six seed hemp are placed on one fungus, four in the middle and one at each end. Hole planting or row planting can be done. The depth of cultivation is about 15 cm. When the cultivation hole is covered with soil, it should be covered with fine soil and must be filled. There is no gap between the seed hemp and the soil, between the fungus material, the fungus branch and the soil. The planting hole is covered with deciduous leaves of broad-leaved trees, thatch, straw, corn straw and so on, with a thickness of 2-3 cm. And then open the gutter.

5. Field management.

(1) mulch should be used for heat preservation in winter and early spring. The temperature of the soil layer below 10 cm in the cave should be maintained at 0-5 ℃ in July, August and September, and the temperature must be adjusted by covering or building a shade to control the temperature within 26 ℃.

(2) Water management 12-3 months to control moisture and anti-freezing, soil water content of 30%, see soil moisture. From April to June, increasing water to promote growth, soil water content 60-70%, holding into a ball, falling to the ground can be dispersed. Humidity and temperature decreased from July to August, and the soil water content was about 60%. From September to October, water control and bacteriostasis, soil water content of about 50%, hold slightly into a ball, and then gently pinch can be dispersed. In November, the soil water content is about 30%, dry and loose. At the same time, attention should be paid to the removal of weeds and the control of diseases and insect pests in the growing season.

6. Harvest. When digging and digging after Frosts Descent, when the weather is clear and the soil is cool, do not dig in rainy days or within 1-2 days after rainy days. When digging, you need to prepare two kinds of baskets and boxes, one kind of special seed flax and one kind of commercial flax. Among them, the seed hemp is sown in time or transported and stored as required. Commercial flax should also be processed and dried in time.