Comprehensive Control measures of Mushroom Diseases and insect pests

Mushroom is the main variety of edible fungi in Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. However, its diseases and insect pests have been perplexing the majority of mushroom farmers, and its comprehensive control measures are introduced as follows:

(1) strengthening cultivation and management

1. The disinfection of the cultivation room can be fumigated with a mixture of formalin and dichlorvos. Before fumigation, wet the floor, walls, bed frames and daily utensils, and plug the cracks. Every 100 square meters, put 1 jin of formalin and 150 grams of dichlorvos in the pot, add 5 times water and heat it on the stove, close the doors and windows after ignition, open the doors and windows for ventilation after 24 hours of fumigation. To ensure the safety of personnel. Personnel are not allowed to enter the mushroom room during fumigation and 24 hours before ventilation. The old mushroom house should also remove the residual old culture materials and wash the cultivation rack before disinfection.

2. The culture material for disinfecting the culture material of cultivated mushroom, in addition to high-temperature composting and fermentation, formalin and dichlorvos solution can also be sprayed during the second and third turn of the pile to kill the miscellaneous bacteria and pests in the pile.

3. Select the strains with high purity, appropriate age, exuberant vitality, no miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests when selecting excellent strains for cultivation.

4. To create suitable temperature, humidity and good ventilation conditions during mycelial growth, the air humidity is controlled below 60%, which can inhibit the occurrence of miscellaneous bacteria to a certain extent; the second fermentation temperature is maintained at 58% 60% for 8 hours. it can effectively kill the pests in the culture material and mushroom room.

5. The day before soil covering, the soil used should be turned over and sprayed with a mixture of formalin and dichlorvos to prevent it from being covered with miscellaneous bacteria and pests.

6. reduce the occurrence sources of diseases and insect pests and clean up the remains and dead mushrooms after harvest in time; unsterilized daily utensils are prohibited from being brought into the mushroom room and used for collecting mushrooms; a screen door should be set up in front of the mushroom house to prevent pests from invading during ventilation.

(2) timely pest control

The main results are as follows: 1. The main miscellaneous bacteria in mushroom cultivation are green Trichoderma, Penicillium, white gypsum mold, brown gypsum mold and so on. It is found that green Trichoderma and Penicillium on the surface of the culture material can be sprinkled with lime powder to control the spread; if they go deep into the material layer, they should be dug out together with the culture material, and then sprinkled with lime powder, or they can be sprayed with 1% formalin. Gypsum mold can be controlled by spraying water with acetic acid at the ratio of 1 ∶ 5, or with 0.5% formalin.

2. Disease control mushroom diseases are mainly verrucosporium, soft rot, bacterial spot disease and so on. When diseases are found, in addition to strengthening the ventilation of mushroom rooms, reducing air humidity, controlling the epidemic of diseases and removing diseased mushrooms and doing harmless treatment, verrucosporium disease can also be controlled by 1500000 times of Bao Gong or 500 times of carbendazim. Soft rot can be sprayed with 2% carbonic acid or 1% formalin. Bacterial spot disease can be controlled by spraying mushroom bed with 0.5% solution of bleach powder and soda ash in the ratio of 3 ∶ 1, or 800x solution of chlorothalonil.

3. The main pests of mushroom pest control are mushroom lice, mushroom fly, mushroom mosquito and nematode. Mushroom lice can be controlled with 1500 times of pyrethroid, or 0.6% dichlorvos solution can be added in sweet and sour water solution to cover the surface of the bacterial bed after soaking gauze; mushroom flies and mosquitoes can be sprayed with 0.1% ivy essence or 0.2% dimethoate when there are no mushrooms on the bed. In the mycelial growth stage, dichlorvos can also be sprayed on the culture material surface for 24 hours to achieve fumigation control effect. Nematodes can be sprayed with 1% acetic acid or 25% rice vinegar.