Control of common mushroom diseases and insect pests

First, mushroom brown rot: also known as mushroom verrucosporium, vesicle disease, white rot and so on. It is the most harmful disease in mushroom cultivation at present. In addition to harming mushrooms, it can also harm Pleurotus ostreatus, straw mushrooms, Tremella fuciformis and Ganoderma lucidum.

Symptoms: the symptoms of the disease are different in different stages of mushroom development. When the mushroom begins to kink to form a young mushroom bud (when the fruiting body is not differentiated), it is easy to be infected and form a hard horse neck-shaped irregular tissue mass. It was covered with a layer of white villous hyphae, then darkened, and finally turned dark brown, oozing dark brown droplets from the diseased tissue. The small mushroom buds under the covered soil can also be infected, and there are some small white hyphae spots on the surface of the covered soil. After the stipe and cap differentiate, the stalk turns brown. At the end of fruiting body development, the base of stipe was infected to produce light brown discoloration. When the disease was serious, the first tide mushroom granules were not harvested.

Prevention and control methods:

1. Re-fermentation: the spores of verrucosporium are not resistant to high temperature, so the culture material can be fermented twice, which can kill the spores of pathogens in the culture material and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

two。 Grasp the appropriate sowing time, make the mushroom stage avoid the induction of high temperature and cause disease, and the temperature of the mushroom house is controlled below 15 ℃. At the beginning of the disease, you should immediately stop spraying water, increase ventilation, dry the surface of the mushroom bed, and lower the temperature to less than 15 ℃.

3. Drug control: spray 1% Muir 2% formaldehyde solution or spray 50% carbendazim or 70% methyl topiramate 500 times in the affected area.

4. Covered with soil for disinfection. It was treated with pasteurization (60 ℃) for 1 hour, or disinfected with 40% formaldehyde.

5. Change the soil. When the disease is serious, remove the original cover soil and replace the new soil.

6. Pest control. Do a good job in the control of mushroom mosquitoes and mushroom flies in the mushroom house.

Second, mushroom virus disease: the disease is common and does serious harm. The degree of injury is related to the period of infection. The bacteria with virus are generally used, and the disease occurs in the early stage of mushroom development, which has a great impact on the yield, even no harvest. If the disease is caused by the basidiospore with virus falling on the mushroom bed during the growth period of mushroom mycelium, the growth of the first tide mushroom is normal and the yield is not affected, and the yield of the subsequent several tide mushrooms decreases due to the increase of diseased mushrooms in batches.

Symptoms: the most obvious symptom of the fruiting body is the elongation of the stalk, the cap is very small, and some of the cap diameter is not more than the stalk. Some fungus cover is thin and flat, opening the umbrella early. Brown spots, or striped spots, often appear on the stalk of the mushroom. Water can be extruded from the mushroom stalk.

Prevention and control methods: 1. Cultivate and use virus-free bacteria. 2. Cover the mushroom bed. Cover the bed with plastic film or old newspaper after sowing to prevent poisonous spores from landing in the culture material, and spray 0.5% formaldehyde solution regularly (5-6 days) until the soil is covered. 3. Do a good job in the cleanliness of mushroom rooms. The mushroom room should be thoroughly disinfected before use. After the end of production, remove the waste in time, soak the bed frame and appliances, wash and dry them, and brush them with a mixture of 1% sodium carbonate and 2% pentachlorophenol sodium, then spray the walls, floors and beds of mushrooms with 5% formaldehyde solution, or fumigate with sulfur.

Third, Pleurotus ostreatus: Mushroom mushroom mosquitoes belong to the family Diptera. It is the most common and serious pest to Pleurotus ostreatus. The mycelium and fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus are harmed by larvae. In severe cases, the hyphae can be eaten up. When it is harmful to the fruiting body, the fungal stalk will be eaten into a cavity and the bacterial fold will be eaten up.

Prevention and control methods: 1. Do a good job in environmental hygiene and reduce the source of insects. Install screen doors and screen windows to prevent insects from entering. two。 Use the phototaxis of adults to trap and kill by light. 3. In serious cases, after mushroom picking, spray 1.8% Efortin EC 2000Mel 2500 times, or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times.

Fourth, harmful mites: commonly known as fungus lice. Mainly harmful to mushrooms, straw mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, Auricularia auricula and other edible fungi. Harmful mites bite off the hyphae so that they can not germinate, but also bite the buds and mature fruiting bodies of small mushrooms. When it is serious, all the hyphae in the culture material can be eaten up, resulting in no harvest.

Prevention and control methods: 1. Check the quality of the bacteria. Ensure that the strain is free of harmful mites. two。 Keep a certain distance between the mushroom house and the grain, feed and fertilizer warehouse. 3. The culture material was fermented twice. 4. Mix with enemy kill and lime powder and put it in a gauze bag and shake it around the mushroom bed, or spray it around the mushroom bed with 1.8% Efotin EC 2000 times. 5. Entrapment. Put cotton balls stained with 40% Murray and 50% dichlorvos under the mushroom bed, place 3 balls at 80cm intervals, and cover the mushroom bed culture material with a plastic film or wet gauze. When the mites gather all over them, take them down and burn them to death in hot water.