Causes and control of abnormal mushrooms in greenhouse

First, hollow white root mushroom. The mushroom stalk is loose and white, and when it is serious, it shrinks to form a hollow. The reason is: in the fruiting body growth stage, it is caused by air drying and high temperature. When the air relative humidity is less than 85%, the water content of the overlying soil layer is less, and the temperature in the mushroom room is above 18 ℃, the mushroom grows fast and the water evaporates quickly, resulting in that the water absorbed in the mushroom body is less than that of transpiration. Prevention and control methods: spray water in time during the day, keep the air relative humidity at 90%, ventilate in time after spraying water in the morning and evening, lower the temperature of the mushroom shed, and keep it at 14-18 ℃.

Second, hard parachute opening: the bacterial curtain and curtain handle are separated, and the umbrella is opened too early, resulting in poor commerciality. The cause: in the early stage of mushroom emergence, there was a sudden low temperature, a sudden drop in high temperature, a large temperature difference and a low temperature in the mushroom room. Prevention and control methods: strengthen the heat preservation measures of the mushroom shed, pay attention to the weather changes, reduce the temperature difference, and keep the air relative humidity in the mushroom room within the appropriate range.

Third, dead mushrooms. The young mushrooms wilted and yellowed in the mushroom stage, stopped growing and finally died, light into pieces and stubble. Cause: ⑴ temperature is too high. The high temperature in late autumn and early spring caused the mushroom body nutrition reflux, lack of nutrition and death; after ⑵ mulching, the mycelium grew too fast, the mushroom was dense, and the nutrition supply was not enough, resulting in malnutrition and death of young mushrooms; ⑶ mushroom room was not ventilated in time, oxygen was insufficient, and carbon dioxide concentration was high. ⑷ mushroom shed has high temperature (more than 20 ℃), excessive humidity (more than 95%), untimely ventilation after spraying water, and stagnant water on the surface of mushrooms, resulting in anoxia and asphyxiation of mushrooms. Prevention and control methods: control sowing time to prevent mushroom emergence in high temperature season; sowing amount should not be too large to prevent mycelium growth from being too prosperous, mushroom production should be too dense, resulting in lack of nutrition; water content in the overlying soil layer should not be too high, press down the mushroom position, and avoid mushroom production too dense. at the same time, spraying water to cool down should be ventilated in time to prevent water accumulation on the surface of mushrooms.

4. Pleurotus ostreatus with thin skin: the stalk is slender, the cover is thin, and the umbrella opens early. The cause of occurrence: during the peak period of mushroom production, the temperature in the mushroom room was more than 20 ℃, the air relative humidity was too high, the ventilation was poor, and the bedside mushroom came out dense and quickly, which was caused by competition for oxygen and nutrients. Prevention and control methods: the cultivation material should be fermented thoroughly and ventilated in time after spraying water to prevent stagnant water on the mushroom surface and keep the temperature in the mushroom shed suitable.