High-yielding techniques of cultivating Agaricus bisporus in Paddy Field

The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus in rice field is a way of cultivating Agaricus bisporus in open field by using rice straw as the main raw material, composting and fermentation as culture material, making use of the temperature and light resources of autumn, winter and spring and idle season. This method makes full use of resources, the net profit per mu is more than 5000 yuan, the input-output ratio is 1 ∶ 3, and the soil can be improved, which has good economic and ecological benefits. This paper introduces its technical experience:

The main results are as follows: 1. generally, the mushroom field should choose the middle rice field or one-season rice field with high topography, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, close to water source, good transportation conditions, and has not been planted with Agaricus bisporus in 3 years. The rice stump left during harvest shall not be higher than 10 cm. After the harvest, the mushroom field opened the perimeter ditch and waist ditch ahead of time to drain water, in order to spare.

2. Preparation of culture materials

1. Formula (calculated according to the actual cultivated area of 400 square meters per mu of rice field). Formula 1: 6000 kg of dried rice straw, 400kg of vegetable cake, 100kg of phosphate fertilizer, 60kg of urea, 250kg of lime, 150kg of gypsum and 150kg of special fertilizer for Agaricus bisporus. Formula 2: 5000 kg of dried rice straw, 2000 kg of dried cow dung, 40kg of urea, 200kg of lime, 150kg of gypsum and 100kg of special fertilizer for Agaricus bisporus.

two。 Livestock dung is rich in nutrients needed by Agaricus bisporus and has high calorific value, so it is a better composting material. Pig manure, cow manure and horse manure can be used, and the effect is better when several kinds of animal manure are mixed.

3. Pre-wet pile dry straw was pre-wet 2-3 days before pile construction. When building the pile, animal dung, vegetable cake, special fertilizer for Agaricus bisporus, phosphate fertilizer and urea are added evenly and layered, and lime and gypsum are added when turning the pile for the first time. The pile is 2 meters wide and 1.5 meters high, with 1.2 meters per layer and unlimited length. The four sides of the pile are vertically neat, the top is curved, and the film is covered after the pile is built to protect moisture and rain (be careful not to be too strict to prevent anaerobic fermentation).

4. Turn the pile for the first time about 7 days after the fermentation. Shake the forage loose and pour it evenly, turn it up and down inside and out. The stack is 1.8 meters wide and 1.5 meters high. Put the lime. Spread gypsum evenly into the stack and cover with film after turning. There will be a second turn in six days. This time, pay attention to the air hole in the stack to facilitate aerobic fermentation. This time the stack is 1.5 meters wide and 1.2 meters high. Cover it with film after turning. Five days later, the heap was turned for the third time. This time, the stack will be divided into two, 0.8 meters wide and 1.2 meters high. After turning, cover the film. At this time, it is necessary to spray 1000 times phoxim or 1500 times phoxim or 300 times 25% carbendazim solution uniformly to kill diseases and insect pests. Four days later, the fourth turn of the pile, when the forage has been fermented, such as brown, elastic, can be transported to the field paving material.

Third, before sowing and laying the material, the mushroom field was disinfected and sterilized with 100x phoxim, 1500 times carbendazim and 300x 25% carbendazim, and then the box was divided according to the width of 70cm, 80cm and 50cm of the sidewalk. Then lay the material, shake it loose, lay it evenly, and pile it into a "tile back shape". It is 30 centimeters thick. After laying, the film should be covered on rainy days, and on sunny days, the forage should be sprayed with lime water to adjust the humidity. The seeds can be sown one or two days after laying, and choose cloudy or sunny morning and evening. First, remove the cotton plug from the strain bottle, stand on the side in potassium permanganate for disinfection, and use the strain hook to hook out the strain in a sterilized basin, and then sow the strain evenly on the material surface as planned. Wheat seeds are sown on demand with 800 bags of bacteria per mu of mushroom field. At the sowing point, remove a thin layer of forage as grass introduction, and immediately cover the box surface with a film to moisturize and promote mycelium germination, while covering the straw curtain on the film.

IV. Field management

1. After 3 days of sowing, the film was removed, ventilated and ventilated to promote mycelium growth. When the mycelium grew to 1 / 2 / 2 / 3 of the material layer, the mulching began. The thickness of the covered soil is about 5 cm, the diameter of soil particles is less than 2 cm, the water content can be kneaded by hand, and it is suitable not to stick to the hand or slightly stick to the hand. the pH value of the soil is 7.5-8. If the soil or forage is too dry, it can be adjusted with lime water.

two。 The principle of spraying water and fertilizer spraying is mainly based on the wetting of the soil layer, dry in winter and wet in spring. Generally, about 10 days after covering the soil, the villi hyphae at 1 cm of the soil surface are linear, and when there are kink ball white spots, the mushroom water is sprayed 4 times with 1 kg of water per square meter. And combined with spraying mushroom high yield hormone No. 1 once. Three days later, the small white spots of fluffy balls in the soil layer became fleshy, round and hard mushroom buds generally grew to mung beans or soybeans for an hour, spurting mushroom water, 0.5 kg per square meter of mushroom bed water was sprayed four times, and mushroom high yield hormone No. 2 was sprayed once. At the stage of mycelial kink and budding, mushroom high yield No. 3 was sprayed once, and mushroom No. 4 was sprayed once after mushroom was produced in a large area for about 7 days. After each tide mushroom is harvested, spray the tide and spray 4 times with 0.5 kg water per square meter of mushroom bed. The mushroom bed sprayed mushroom high yield No. 5 once in the rest stage to adjust the pH of the room surface and maintain the vitality of the mycelium.

3. The management of autumn mushroom is the key to high yield. the key point of management is to cover soil layer and spray water. Generally, we should master how to spray mushroom more and less, spray more when mushroom is less, spray more in the early stage and spray less in the later stage. It should also be combined with weather conditions. Flexible control of mycelium strength, soil thickness and so on. At the end of each wet mushroom harvest, the old roots and dead mushrooms on the bed should be removed, the wet soil should be covered immediately, and then water should be sprayed. After the autumn mushroom harvest 1-2 tide, sometimes the soil mycelium hardening phenomenon will appear on the bed surface, so we should cut the cuttings to loosen the soil layer in time to break the hardened hyphae and promote the turning tide to produce mushrooms.

4. When the winter management temperature dropped below 5 ℃, Agaricus bisporus stopped growing and entered the winter management stage. One is to clean the bed and pry the material to make up the soil. Loosen the soil layer, pick out the old roots and withered mycelium, and use bamboo cuttings to pry the moving material layer to facilitate ventilation, to replenish the soil of the exposed soil layer, in order to maintain the mycelium vitality. Second, spray water for heat preservation, spraying water every 10 to 15 days. Third, heat preservation and ventilation, grass curtain and film up and down alternately covered, both heat preservation and ventilation.

5. Management of spring mushrooms when the temperature is stable above 10 ℃, the soil moisture of the mushroom bed should be adjusted, spraying lightly and frequently, and the amount of spraying water should be from less to more. With the increase of air temperature, a large number of mushrooms will be unearthed, and the amount of spraying water will increase accordingly and accelerate the emergence of mushrooms. The mushroom should be fertilized properly after the mushroom is wet, and the fruiting body should be sprayed with water when it grows to the size of mung bean.

6. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and giving priority to prevention than control, adhere to the combination of agricultural control, physical control, bio-ecological control and chemical control, put an end to high toxic and high residual pesticides, and put an end to the use of drugs during mushroom picking. The application should not be excessive, and the application time should be in the afternoon or evening.

Fifth, mushroom harvesting when the mushroom cover is 2 cm long and 4 cm long, the cutting surface is required to be flat, no mud feet, and the fungal stalk is 1 cm 1.5 cm. When picking mushrooms, harvest them by stages and handle them gently to keep the mushroom cover white and non-invasive. In the process of picking mushrooms, dig up the old roots in time, add new soil, keep the surface of the box flat, keep the site clean and hygienic, and reduce the probability of miscellaneous bacteria infection.