Management techniques of planting mushrooms in winter fallow fields

Using the winter fallow field, the cultivation of mushrooms with rice straw and manure as the main raw materials can greatly increase the income, and the residue after cultivation can also be directly returned to the field or used as the raw material of bio-organic fertilizer. The cultivation techniques of mushroom in winter fallow field are introduced as follows:

Formula of culture material: per square meter of mushroom bed, 12.5 kg of dried rice straw, 0.8 kg of rapeseed cake powder, 0.45 kg of gypsum powder, 0.45 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.45 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.45 kg of lime powder were used. The raw materials needed per mu can be converted according to the single-layer cultivation area of 390 Mu per mu of winter fallow field.

Reactor construction process: raw materials into the stockyard → dry straw leaching water pre-wetting 12Mel 18 hours → construction heap and lay forage (pile width 2.5m, top height 1.5ml 1.6m, four sides 1.2Mir 1.3 m) → vertical stack layer by layer. Lime is added when the pile is turned for the first time, and auxiliary materials such as rapeseed cake are added layer by layer when the pile is built. The water is transferred from the third floor and poured into the reactor layer by layer. Turn the pile every 5 days after stacking and control the humidity of the stack. The standard of high-quality culture material piled up is that the straw is still in its original shape, yellowish brown or brown, has no strong toughness, has no serious smell of ammonia and other rotten odors, and has a moisture content of 60%. It cannot be pinched into a ball by hand, and there are no water droplets flowing out, but the palms have traces of moisture.

Setting up a shed: the field is arranged in time after the late rice harvest, and the whole bed is used as a cultivation bed. The effective area of mushroom cultivation per mu is generally 390 Mu 400 square meters. It is generally cultivated in arched shed and single-layer cultivation bed, with a height of 1.7mi 1.8 m, a width of 4 m and a length of 10 mi 15 m. First, make a cultivation bed 1.6 meters wide in the center of the shed, leave operation channels 40 centimeters wide and 25 centimeters deep on both sides of the cultivation bed, and then make cultivation beds 60 centimeters wide on the other side of the operation path, with gaps of 20 centimeters on each side of the shed. In order to make full use of the space, a layer-and-half cultivation bed can be used, the height of the shed is more than 2.1 meters, the upper cultivation bed is 1.5 meters away from the top of the shed, and the distance between the upper and lower layers is 60 cm. The arch shed can be covered with "sandwich" type, that is, the middle grass curtain, each with a layer of film inside and outside.

Paving material: the paving material should be uniform in thickness, about 20m / 25cm in thickness, and the water content of the culture material should be controlled at 60ml / 65%.

Sowing: when the feed temperature drops to about 28 ℃, sow in time, sowing 8 square feet per bottle of wheat or grain bacteria (0.5kg). When sowing, the bacteria are dug out from the bottle and scattered evenly in the material surface or material gap, and then the material surface is compacted with a clean board to facilitate the bacteria to come into contact with the culture material.

Germ management: 3 days after sowing, the main management was moisturizing and ventilation, and the temperature was controlled below 28 ℃ to promote the mycelium germination as soon as possible; 7 days after sowing, the hyphae basically germinated and began to eat, combined with ventilation and less ventilation; 7 days after sowing, the hyphae began to eat horizontally, and the ventilation rate should be gradually increased to promote the sturdy growth of hyphae. 15 days after sowing, the mycelium in the material layer was covered with soil when the mycelium grew more than 1 × 2 in depth.

Cover soil: select the field that did not use mushroom culture residue in that year, take the soil below the tillage layer, and break it into a lump of 1.5 cm in diameter. Generally choose wet but not sticky, dry but not loose, loose and breathable, strong water retention, certain fertility, pH about 7.2 loam or sandy loam as covering soil. Before covering the soil, pesticides were used to remove miscellaneous bacteria and pests from the soil, and the material surface was sprayed with Bordeaux solution of 1 ∶ 1 equivalent of 500 murals and 800 times. After covering the soil, the method of light spraying and frequent spraying is gradually adjusted to the required humidity.

Mushroom production management: after 12 days of covering soil, when the mycelium can be seen in the soil seam, the mushroom water should be sprayed in time to promote the mycelium knot, and the amount of water sprayed is 3 times that of the usual 2mur. the amount of water sprayed on the soil layer shall prevail. When spraying mushroom water, the ventilation must be 3mi 4 times larger than usual. When the greenhouse temperature is higher than 22 ℃, the amount of spraying water should be properly reduced, the ventilation should be increased, and the spraying of mushroom water should be postponed. When soybean-sized mushroom buds appear in the soil seams, mushroom water should be sprayed in time to promote the formation of fruiting bodies.