The benefit of planting Agaricus bisporus in winter fallow rice field is good.
In 2004, our county conducted a cultivation demonstration of growing Agaricus bisporus in winter fallow rice field in 16 towns. after late rice harvest, rice straw was used as the main raw material through composting fermentation as culture material, making use of the temperature and light resources in winter and the idle season in paddy field in winter. Obvious benefits have been achieved in open field cultivation of Agaricus bisporus.
Chen Yeru, a farmer in Lixian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, is a demonstration household for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, a family of 4 people and 2 labourers, who have never cultivated edible fungi before. After the technical training of Lixian Edible Mushroom Research Institute, he set up a demonstration site of Agaricus bisporus in his contracted field (covering an area of 67 square meters and 45 square meters of mushrooms). He began to ferment rice straw to produce culture material on September 5, 2004, spread the material for sowing on October 2, began to collect mushrooms on November 3, and collected 202.5 kg of mushrooms on December 4. During this period, the maximum amount of mushroom harvested reached 15 kilograms a day. From December 5, 2004 to March 4, 2005, 50 kg of mushrooms were collected. By this time, the income of @ # @ 136 has reached 1060 yuan (the fresh selling price of Agaricus bisporus in the local market is 3.60 ~ 5.0yuan per kilogram). 166.5 kilograms of mushrooms were collected from March 5 to April 30, 2005, and the sales income was 632 yuan. The total sales revenue reached 1692 yuan. Excluding the direct production cost of 460 yuan (60 yuan for disinfection and sterilization agents, 300 yuan for culture materials and 100 yuan for bacteria), a net income of 1232 yuan was obtained.
There are four advantages in growing Agaricus bisporus in winter fallow rice fields: first, to make use of resources and reduce pollution. After rice harvest, the fermentation culture material made of dry straw was cultivated in the open field of rice field, which not only made use of temperature and light resources and free rice field, but also effectively avoided the environmental pollution caused by straw burning. Second, improve the soil. The residue of Agaricus bisporus cultivated with rice straw is an excellent organic fertilizer, which can increase the content of organic matter in paddy soil and improve the soil structure of paddy field. Third, the input is low, the output is high and the benefit is good. The nutrients needed for the growth of Agaricus bisporus come from rice straw, cow manure, compound fertilizer and so on. Through the experiment and demonstration, the input-output ratio is about 1 ∶ 3, and the net profit is about 5000 yuan per 667m2 mushroom field (the actual cultivation area is about 400m2). Its products are in short supply and have broad prospects for development. At present, the fresh price of Agaricus bisporus in the domestic market is 2.0 yuan ~ 2.4 yuan per kilogram (purchase price in Dayi County, Sichuan Province), and the fresh mushroom price in the local market is 3.6 yuan ~ 5.0 yuan per kilogram (wholesale price in Lixian market). Fourth, the operation is relatively simple, not much labor. The field management operation of planting Agaricus bisporus in winter idle rice field is also relatively simple, mainly timely replenishing water, increasing fertilizer, covering grass curtain and so on, and basically in the idle season.
By holding a demonstration and typical guidance, we have aroused the strong interest of the surrounding farmers and aroused their great enthusiasm for planting. According to preliminary statistics, the cultivation area of Agaricus bisporus in winter fallow rice fields in the county in 2005 can reach 330000 square meters.
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Key techniques of cultivating mushrooms in winter fallow field
Using winter fallow fields to cultivate mushrooms is a good way to increase income. At the same time, it is beneficial to improve soil fertility and increase grain output. The main technical points are as follows: first, prepare materials. For every 100m2 of cultivation, 1250 kg of rice straw, 1750 kg of cow dung, 45 kg of peanut bran, 15 kg of urea, 40 kg of lime, 25 kg of superphosphate and 25 kg of gypsum should be prepared. Second, compost fermentation. Generally, the heap begins about one month before sowing, that is, at the beginning of October, and the composting time is about one month.
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Technical measures for heat preservation of mushroom house in winter
The suitable temperature for fruiting body growth of Agaricus bisporus is 14 Mel 16 degrees Celsius. When the temperature of the mushroom room is lower than 10 degrees Celsius, the growth is slow or stops. In order to prolong the time of mushroom production, we must try to increase the temperature of the mushroom room. Growing mushrooms and vegetables in cold areas in winter should be kept warm and warmed up. First, when the temperature is lower than 11Mel 13 degrees Celsius, cover the top and surrounding of the existing mushroom room with black plastic film and fasten it firmly with rope. In the original position of the ventilation window, the film should be cut off accordingly to retain the need for ventilation. Every day
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