Key techniques of cultivating mushrooms in winter fallow field

Using winter fallow fields to cultivate mushrooms is a good way to increase income. At the same time, it is beneficial to improve soil fertility and increase grain output. The main technical points are as follows:

First, prepare materials.

For every 100m2 of cultivation, 1250 kg of rice straw, 1750 kg of cow dung, 45 kg of peanut bran, 15 kg of urea, 40 kg of lime, 25 kg of superphosphate and 25 kg of gypsum should be prepared.

Second, compost fermentation.

Generally, the heap begins one month before sowing, that is, about the beginning of October, and the composting time is about 1 month, during which it needs to be turned 5 times. During the last turn, 0.1% carbendazim powder is mixed, and 500 times dichlorvos water solution is sprayed on and around the heap surface, and then covered with film sealed insecticidal sterilization. After composting, the culture material generally requires no dung odor and grass flavor, the forage is brown, soft and easy to break, dung and grass is uniform, loose and fine without caking, ripening evenly, the water content is between 60-80% (finger seam overflow in hand-pinched culture), and the pH is 7-7.5.

Third, choose a place to make borders.

The cultivation of mushrooms in winter fallow fields should choose rice fields that are leeward and sunny and easy to drain. Before the late rice harvest, deep trenches are made around the rice fields to drain the water. After the late rice is harvested, the rice head is removed and dug into a board field with a width of 1.2 meters. The ditch soil can be broken and spread on the border surface, and finally raked into a micro-turtle back border.

Fourth, blanking.

Before the heap goes to the ground, choose to disinfect the soil first, cover a layer of thin soil, and spread the pile evenly on the border surface. When laying the material, leave 16 centimeters on each side of the ditch without stacking material. After 24 hours, 1320 bottles of bacteria were used per mu. According to the plum blossom-shaped hole inoculation, the distance between the points 7-10 cm. After sowing, sprinkle a thin layer of fine fabric to cover the bacteria. Then prop up the bracket 33 centimeters away from the bed, cover it with a film, and cover it with a grass curtain.

Fifth, management.

(1) within 3-4 days after inoculation, the film at both ends of the border should be opened and ventilated for 1-2 hours at a time in the morning and evening. After a week, if the climate is dry and the stack surface is dry and short of water, appropriate amount of water should be sprayed.

(2) 12 days after inoculation, the mycelium has spread and should be covered with soil. Spray 2% lime water after 3 days, 0.9 kg per square meter, twice a day for 2 days.

(3) in case of continuous low temperature, the grass curtain should be opened at noon and exposed for 1-2 hours to increase the temperature in the film; in case of a sudden rise in temperature, it is necessary to open the film to dissipate heat during the day and only cover the grass curtain for shade.

(4) generally, mushrooms begin to produce one month after planting. The mushroom can be sprayed with 1.5 kg potassium chloride and 150 kg water per mu to make the mushroom solid.

(5) after 2-3 tide mushrooms are harvested, the acidity of the culture material increases, which will affect mushrooms and lead to diseases and insect pests. 1 kg of bovine urine cooled by boiling disinfection and 6 kg of clear water can be used to form bovine urine with a pH of 8, which can be sprayed after each tide mushroom harvest to neutralize acidity and improve yield and quality.