The Popularization value and cultivation Management of Carnation in Changxia

Phyllostachys pubescens is a perennial perennial flower of Carnation family. Originally from Austria and Siberia, it was introduced from Siberia by Flower and Wood Farm in Changyi City, Shandong Province in 1989, and then introduced related varieties from Canada, Japan, the United States and other places with the help of scientific research institutes such as Shandong Agricultural University. After 7 years of cross-domestication and improvement, it has cultivated 36 varieties of 3 series (strong resistance, large flowers and more beautiful flowers) of "Changhua" (1995), "Huadu" (1997) and "Xueyuan" (2000). At present, it has been successfully planted in the northwest, northeast and Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and other regions, and two Changxia carnation production bases have been established in Changyi City, Shandong Province and Beijing.

1 promotion value

Carnation plants are clustered in summer, high 8~10cm, dark green, smooth with white powder, umbels, deep powder, light powder, white and complex color, flowering from May to November. Drought and cold resistance is extremely strong,-35 ℃ can survive the winter; after survival, it can rely on natural rainfall, which is about 70% more water-saving than the general lawn; the flowers are more, fragrant and dense, and the ground is covered in full bloom; the growth is short, and the number of pruning is less; the persistent root is especially strong (with a life span of more than 8 years). Therefore, it is of great ornamental value and is an excellent new lawn plant with low management cost.

2 cuttage seedling

The hybrid varieties of Phyllostachys pubescens in Changxia can not propagate seeds except F1, otherwise the phenomenon of degradation and variation is serious. The method of cutting propagation is simple, the survival rate is high, the speed is high and the gene is stable, so it is suitable for industrial production.

2.1 Seedling bed preparation

Because carnation avoids waterlogging in summer, it is best to choose sandy soil with good drainage and land with a certain slope. Then fertilize deeply, prepare the land for bed, apply organic fertilizer 2000kg per mu, make the border 1m wide and high, leave a ditch with 30cm width between the two beds to drain water, and irrigate in the dry season to keep the soil moisture at about 70%.

2.2 selection and treatment of cuttings

Select strong branches without disease and insect pests, cut off 5cm or so, remove 2 + + 3 leaves from branches to reduce water evaporation, soak them with carbendazim 1000 times solution for 10 minutes after cutting, and use NAA as rooting agent. Then remove and drain the liquid and set aside in a cool place.

2.3 Cuttage technique

2.3.1 the cutting method is suitable for rooting at the ground temperature of 5-25 ℃, which is beneficial to cutting. First, use thin wood strips to insert deep 2cm holes in the bed, insert cuttings into the holes, and compact them with soil around. Plant and row spacing 3~5cm, and pay attention to spray moisturizing.

2.3.2 Management after insertion: the temperature after insertion shall not exceed 30 ℃, the relative humidity of the air shall be controlled at about 80%, 60% of the light will be shaded by shading net in summer and autumn, and the temperature will be cooled by artificial spray (2 hours per time), and it will take root in 15 days. After that, 500-fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to promote tillering in the 2th and 4th leaf stage of about one month.

3 cultivation and management

3.1 Land selection and preparation

Carnation is not strict on soil in summer, so it is necessary to choose neutral plots with good drainage and low groundwater level, preferably sandy loam or sloping land. After the completion of the construction project, the open space should be deeply turned over 40cm, pick up debris, bricks, cement and other sundries, and then mixed with 50% high-quality loam; at the same time, apply long-term compound fertilizer mixed with mature farm manure as base fertilizer, using 1000kg per mu. Then disinfect the soil properly (pay attention to the difference between disinfection and fertilization), after leveling the soil, roll it once and fully irrigate it, let the land settle naturally for 2-3 days, then replant it. To prevent the growth of weeds, chemical herbicides can be sprayed 20 days before planting.

3.2 transplanting

Except for freezing in winter and high temperature and humidity in summer, it can be planted in other times, and the best time is after autumn (from mid-September to early November) and spring (from early March to mid-May). It is best to use seedlings for transplantation in spring and ramet transplantation in autumn. Specific methods: transplant at 4-6 leaf stage, water the seedling bed 2 days before seedling emergence, take good root protection soil, open holes according to 20 × 30cm plant and row spacing on the prepared land, generally, small piers (below 6cm) do not need to split, large seedlings (above 10cm) each pier can be divided into 4-6 small piers, the small piers must be with capillaries, otherwise it is not easy to survive. The planting depth was about 1~2cm deeper than that of the original seedling, and it was compacted after planting and filled with fixed root water for once.

3.3 Fertilizer and water management

In order to resist drought and waterlogging in summer, carnation should be watered flexibly in accordance with the principle of dry rather than wet, and at the same time, in order to make it grow rapidly, exuberantly, with large flowers and bright color, it should be watered and fertilized by stages. Generally, it is watered three times a year, the first is green water (early spring), the second is flowering water (flowering in mid-May), and the third is frozen water (from the end of November to early December), which is conducive to safe overwintering. The newly planted seedlings should be watered thoroughly for the first time, and then irrigated once or twice every 3 to 5 days, depending on the weather and soil drought. Attention should be paid to drainage in summer, otherwise more than 2 days of stagnant water can kill more than 90% of the seedlings. In general, topdressing should be combined with watering, and one multi-component compound fertilizer should be applied before watering.

3.4 Disease control

3.4.1 physiological diseases are usually caused by the imbalance of nutrition, water and temperature or the infection of harmful substances. If the control is not timely, the diseased seedlings will be infected repeatedly, resulting in the epidemic of the disease and the death of the plant. Therefore, when planting, basic fertilizer should be based on soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, and topdressing should be based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Ensuring proper drying of the ground in high temperature season is an important measure to prevent its physiological diseases. In addition, the surface of the flat should always be kept clean and hygienic, especially after pruning, the trimmed objects must be cleared clean, which not only ensures the permeability of carnation, but also reduces the latent pathogen.

3.4.2 pathological diseases are mainly caused by fungi, such as leaf spot and blight, which mostly occur in the season of high temperature and high humidity from July to September. Therefore, chemical control should be strengthened in this period, such as mancozeb, chlorothalonil, methyl thiophanate, carbendazim and so on. If in the rainy and humid season or after pruning, be sure to use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-1000 times liquid spray, the effect is better.

3.5 pruning

The leaf growth cycle of Phyllostachys pubescens is 100-120 days. Early pruning, premature aging of new leaves, short green period in winter; too late pruning, new leaves are too tender, affecting the ornamental effect. Therefore, timely pruning is the key to the management of carnation in Changxia. It is usually trimmed three times a year: the first is from late May to early June, when 70% of the residual flowers are in full bloom, and the second is re-trimmed from late June to early July (adjusting the lawn machine blade to the lowest position). So that the carnation is well ventilated and safe to pass the summer; the third time is carried out in the early and middle of September, this pruning is an important means to achieve evergreen in winter. If the growth is too prosperous, the number of pruning can be increased appropriately in order to ensure ventilation, but the pruning height should generally be 1 prime 4 of the plant height.