Cultivation and management techniques of jasmine

Jasmine is a perennial evergreen shrub of Oleaceae and Jasmine. Jasmine flower is one of the important raw materials for extracting spices and scenting scented tea. 10833hm2 double-petal jasmine was introduced into Yuanjiang County from April 1998 to December 1999. After two years of self-propagation, it has been expanded to 5008hm2 (among which jasmine 11877hm2 was planted in 2001). 38203hm2 has been put into production, accounting for 76.28% of the planting area. The total output of fresh flowers in the past three years reached 26845t. The total output value of fresh flowers is 1.73956 billion yuan. Five scented tea processing plants have been built, with a processing capacity of 3745t, an output value of 219.56 million yuan, a tax of 400000 yuan and a tax of 109.78 million yuan.

In March 1999, 014hm2 double-petal jasmine was planted in the contracted field of Daoqiaoxinghu, Lijiang Town, and the follow-up experiment of high-yield cultivation was carried out. It was planted on March 5, 1999 and produced fresh flowers per hectare (2400kg) with an output value of 144504 yuan; in 2000, it produced fresh flowers per hectare (172959kg) with an output value of 1037754 yuan; in 2001, it produced fresh flowers per hectare (19905kg) with an output value of 1365579 yuan; and in 2001, the yield per hectare increased by 150.6 percent over 2000 and 72586 percent over 1999. In 2001, the output value per hectare increased by 315% over 2000 and 8455% over 1999. The cultivation techniques and measures are summarized as follows.

1 land selection, land preparation and planting

Choose low groundwater level, sunny, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer, loose, medium fertility, slightly acidic sandy loam or light clay. Turn deeply, sunburn, rake into pieces, according to soil moisture width 110cm, ditch width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm specification to manage soil moisture, each soil moisture planting two rows. Before planting, 15 tons of farm manure per hectare was used as base fertilizer, and the plant-row spacing was 25cm × 50cm. 60, 000 plants per hectare were planted, and the roots were soaked in 1000 times of 25% Shibaoke EC for 5 minutes before planting. It can be cultivated all the year round in Yuanjiang County, but it is the best in spring and autumn.

2 strengthen the management of water and fertilizer

(1) Water management

Immediately after ① planting, the root water was watered thoroughly, and then each hectare was sprayed with 2250~3000ml mixture herbicide to control weeds. Note: medicine can not be sprayed on jasmine seedlings, only spray ditch surface, between rows.

When planting new shoots in ②, we should pay attention to timely irrigation, topdressing, weeding and soil cultivation. Urea is the main topdressing fertilizer, which is applied frequently and thinly. The flower land is not dry or watered. The weather is continuously dry and the soil is watered or watered when the soil turns white.

③, pay attention to drainage. In the flower-picking season, too much water will lead to rotten roots and yellow leaves; drought will lead to wilting leaves and dry flowers, so special attention should be paid to drainage and irrigation.

(2) fertilization

① was fertilized in the rhizosphere in spring, summer and autumn. Spring fertilizer is carried out in January every year, combined with 15 t farm manure per hectare and 375kg compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate per hectare, shallow trench application in sunny days, combined with soil cultivation; summer fertilizer from May to June and autumn fertilizer from August to September, once a month, after each flowering and ebb tide, combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the amount of fertilizer per hectare is urea 915kg, calcium 1020kg, compound fertilizer 1005kg containing potassium sulfate. Ditch strip application with the proportion of 50% spring fertilizer, 30% summer fertilizer and 20% autumn fertilizer, and cultivate soil.

② topdressing outside the root. During the flowering period, after picking flowers in the afternoon, combined with spraying to control diseases and insect pests, 0.2% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer was added to the pesticide, generally sprayed every 7 days.

3 pruning and truncation

After planting, the jasmine flowers with new shoots were properly removed from the main branches, branch tips and buds, leaving 3 or 4 pairs of leaves. Winter pruning is carried out from December of each year to the first ten days of January of the following year, with large pruning and then small pruning. That is to say, the upper branches are cut off at the left and right side of the ground 20cm (after that, the big pruning position is moved up from the pruning position of the previous year to 3cm), and then the withered branches and residual leaves are concentrated and burned on the edge of the field, and the sturdy branches are used for raising seedlings, combined with weeding and soil cultivation. In February of every year, before the flower bud is seen, the capped branches and long branches on the top of the jasmine tree are truncated, and 2-3 pairs of leaves are retained. In the future, each bouquet of flowers can be cut short after picking flowers, requiring that the branches do not fall. After shaping, a wavy crown is formed, so that there is sufficient light in all parts of the crown, which is conducive to the gestation of buds, the formation of three-dimensional flowering of the crown and the increase of yield.

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

At present, it is found that the main diseases and insect pests of jasmine are white silk disease, jasmine bud borer (flower heart worm), leaf mite, cotton bollworm and thrips. In line with the principle of prevention first, prevention is more important than treatment, pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue are selected. To prevent white silk disease, 40% sclerotia net 800-1500x solution and 25% Spock EC 1000-fold solution were sprayed at the base of the stem for 1 time twice. To control jasmine bud borer, leaf mite, cotton bollworm, etc., spray with 18% abadine EC 2500-3000 times or 40% Lesbon EC 1000 times, once every 7 days, three times in a row. Spray 1000 times of 50% sulfur suspension to protect the wound after a major pruning each year.

5 harvesting, storage and transportation of jasmine

The main results are as follows: (1) the harvest standard of jasmine: fresh buds that are white and full, ready to bloom, and can open fragrant buds that night. Jasmine flowers are harvested one at a time, and the harvested flowers are required to have buds, stalks, disease-free buds, no yellow green buds, no stems and leaves and other sundries.

(2) Storage and transportation: fresh jasmine should be filled with ventilated bamboo Trichosanthes and nylon mesh bags. Avoid the sun, store in a cool place, and sell it in time after picking.