Jinhua No. 4 pear

Jinhua No. 4 pear is an excellent strain of Jinhua pear, which originated in Jinchuan County, Sichuan Province. Jinhua pear is the natural seed of Jinchuan snow pear. In the investigation of Sichuan Fruit Tree Research Institute and Jinchuan County Agriculture Bureau in 1959, it was found that after years of identification of the offspring of mother trees and nutrition lines, it was determined that their excellent characters were genetically stable and were named in 1975. In 1976, Sichuan Agricultural College and Jinchuan County collaborated on bud mutation selection of Jinhua pear, and 14 single lines were selected successively, among which 7624 was the most outstanding in yield and quality, which was named Jinhua 4.

1. Botanical characteristics

The crown is round-headed. The young trees are upright and open after fruiting, and the branches are stout. The trunk is grayish brown, rough and longitudinally cracked. 1-year-old branches yellowish brown, lenticels large and prominent, round or oblong, white. The 2-and 3-year-old branches are brown. Leaf blade large, ovoid, thick, green, 15.2 cm long, 8.7 cm wide, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin serrate sharp, thin and dense, prickly awn more intricate. The petiole is 7.1 cm long and 0.24 cm thick. Young leaves crimson. Flowers white, scarlet, petals suborbicular. There are 8 flowers per inflorescence, and the amount of pollen is more.

2. Fruit character

The fruit is very large or extra-large, the average weight of a single fruit is 378.5 grams, and the largest fruit is 1400 grams. The fruit is oval or long ovoid, 10.4 cm in longitudinal diameter and 8.4 cm in transverse diameter. The pericarp is yellow and the surface is smooth and waxy. Fruit dots large, medium-many, round or punctate, yellowish brown. Fruiting pedicel 5.7 cm long, 3.1 mm thick. The stem depression is small and small, with a small number of strips around it. Sepals deciduous, curved depressions medium-wide, medium-deep, furrowed. The heart is small, and the edible rate is 84.7%. The flesh is white, the meat is fine, crisp, juicy, small stone brain, sweet taste, containing soluble solids 11.8%-16.8%, soluble sugar 10.43%, titratable acid 0.150%, vitamin C 2.7 mg / 100 g, quality and so on. In Xingcheng, Liaoning, the fruit ripens in mid-October. It has strong storability and can be stored until April to May of the following year.

3. Biology ad hoc

The main results are as follows: (1) the growth habit plant has a strong growth potential, with a height of 46.6m, a stem circumference of 36.8cm and a crown diameter of 3.5m × 3.6m. The average length of the new shoot is 75.4 cm, the diameter is 0.66 cm, and the length of Internode is 3.8 cm. The sprouting power is strong, the bud germination rate is 87.8%, and the branching ability is weak. Generally, there are 1 or 2 long branches under the cut mouth.

(2) the fruiting habit is strong early, generally bearing 2 ~ 3 years after planting, mainly short fruit branches. The proportion of all kinds of fruit branches is: short fruit branch 53.98%, long fruit branch 34.51%, medium fruit branch 11.51%. The continuous fruiting ability of fruit platform branches reached 39.2%, and the fruit setting rate of inflorescence was 91.6%, with an average of 2 to 5 fruits per fruit platform. There was no fruit drop before harvest. The yield of 13-year-old trees can reach 3000 kg per 667m2, which is relatively stable.

(3) the phenological phase is in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, where the flower buds germinate in early April, bloom from late April to early May, bloom in early May, end in mid-May, and bloom for 7-10 days. Spring shoots stopped growing in early June, fruit matured in mid-October and leaves fell in mid-November. The days of fruit development and vegetative growth were 159 days and 221 days respectively.

(4) the resistance adaptability and stress resistance are strong, and it can be cultivated in cold semi-dry, warm semi-dry and warm and humid areas. More cold-resistant, moisture-resistant, drought-resistant. It has strong resistance to scab, leaf spot, rot and ring disease, but is not resistant to aphids, rust and pear planthopper.

4. Characteristics of agricultural technology

Large and medium crown trees should choose trunk sparse layer type and small crown sparse layer type. Planting density according to the specific situation, the row spacing can be 2mm × 4m × 4m. Young trees are mainly light pruning, and appropriate thinning of dense branches and competitive branches. Summer pruning can be opened by pulling branches and other methods. The result tree can be pruned by means of pruning, thinning, delaying and so on. The load should be strictly controlled. Jinhua No. 4 pear fruit platform has strong continuous fruiting ability and high fruit setting rate of inflorescence. Attention should be paid to thinning flowers and fruits, leaving a single fruit per inflorescence, and the fruit spacing is about 25 cm. Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water, especially adhere to the application of base fertilizer. According to the weather and soil conditions, irrigate before flowering, in the period of shoot growth, in the period of fruit expansion and before freezing in winter. About one month before harvest, water should be strictly controlled, which is beneficial to increase the sugar content of the fruit. Pollination varieties can choose Cangxi Snow Pear, Jinfeng Pear, Wujiuxiang and other varieties.

5. Suitable for promotion areas and development prospects

Jinhua No. 4 pear has high quality, high yield and stable yield. The fruit has strong storage resistance, stress resistance and adaptability, so it is suitable for mass cultivation in white pear producing areas.