Happy pruning and cultivation points of Korla fragrant Pear

In order to continuously improve the development level of garden forestry, the cultivation techniques of "short, dense, early and abundant" should be adhered to in the management of fragrant pear orchard, and the six-word principle of "slow, falling, controlling, promoting, breaking and Qi" should be followed in management.

I. the conditions and methods of happy transformation

1.The fragrant pear trees over 25 years old are basically the traditional open stratification of three main branches, and the tree shape has been stereotyped. If the tree shape is complete, the basic three or four main branches are sound, and the crown width has occupied full space, it can be directly dried and happy; if the lower main branch is incomplete, there are only 1 to 2 main branches, and there are good interlayer branches, the trunk double-layer shape can be implemented. There are only 1-2 main branches at the base, no space big branches, and obviously partial crown, should not be happy.

two。 For the directly happy tree, remove the central trunk from 5 cm above the third or fourth main branch, the tree has a single-layer structure, and the tree height is 2.5-3m. When sawing, cut off the branches from top to bottom, leave the stubble smoothly, and brush the disinfectant and protective agent after sawing. For the fruit trees with double-layer trunk, the central trunk is removed from 5cm to 10cm on the second main branch, the height of the tree is less than 3.5m, and the structure is distinct, the basal angle of the base of the main branch is 60 °~ 70 °, the angle of the second main branch is more than 80 °, and the distance between layers is more than 1.2 m.

3. After the modification, the tree height is controlled within 3 meters, the permanent main branch is 3 to 4, the base angle of the main branch is 60 °~ 75 °, the lateral branch is 6 to 8, the main and lateral branches are equipped with a number of reasonable large and medium fruiting branches, the large fruiting branch group is in the middle of the main branch, the small and medium fruiting branch group is equipped with the base of the main branch, the upper back bears the small and medium branch group, the back bears the medium branch group, the lateral large branch group, and finally forms 70% short fruit branch and 15% middle fruit branch. 15% long fruit branches.

4. The modification is the best from mid-November to mid-February of the following year.

2. Pruning after modification

1. Pruning method

First of all, when stretching the angle of the main branch, because there is no trunk, the angle of the main branch is required to reach 50 °~ 60 °. Several main branches can make the branches of the main branches in a horizontal plane by adjusting the base angle, waist angle and tip angle.

Secondly, it is necessary to make clear the extension direction of each main branch, if there is space, it can be cut short to promote development, and the fruit branch can continue to extend; if there is no space, it can be retracted properly to maintain a certain ventilation belt; if the extension head of the main branch is too strong or too weak, it should be retracted and turned into the main head. There are stretches and shrinks, always maintaining balanced growth.

Third, clean up and cultivate all kinds of branch groups, adopt the combination of strong branches, medium-long branches and weak branches to cultivate reasonable branch groups. Make use of all kinds of branches as far as possible, take short cutting, slow release, retraction, combined with summer coring, cultivate large, medium and small fruiting branch groups, so that the branch group is equipped with a combination of length and length. Remove cross branches, dense squeezed branches, dry and withered branches, retract drooping branches, thin, weak and long branches, keep the balance of the tree fresh and uniform in light.

two。 Summer pruning

After ① was happy, a large number of hidden buds sprouted on the back of the main branches at the saw mouth, sprouting new shoots and consuming nutrients. In the middle and last ten days of April, the branches that occupy space and fill the void should be selected in time to erase too many buds, reduce nutrition consumption, and promote the differentiation and formation of flower buds in the coming year.

② coring in summer is an important means to promote the enrichment of branches and the formation of flower buds. The new shoots of fruit tree branches can be excised in length of more than 20 centimeters, and the new fruit platform and secondary shoots should be weak and strong, straight and oblique, and more than 15 centimeters to promote the formation of axillary flower buds.

III. Fertilizer and water management

1. Base fertilizer

Apply rotten high-quality base fertilizer from fruit harvest to soil freezing, not less than 100 kg of 667 square meters, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at the same time.

two。 Topdressing

The first topdressing was 2 weeks before sprouting in early spring, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the second topdressing was from mid-May to early June, the best was nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the third topdressing was from July to August, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, applying 50 kg per square meter of 667 square meters. can increase single fruit weight and improve quality. Under the general soil fertility level, the total amount of chemical fertilizer applied per ton of fruit is 80kg, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1 ∶ 0.5 ∶ 1. Foliar topdressing is sprayed more than 5 times a year, and foliar fertilizer is used at flowering stage, flower bud differentiation stage, fruit expansion period and before and after harvest. Foliar fertilizer is urea 0.3%-0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%-0.5%. Fertilization mainly adopts point application, hole application and annular ditch application, with a depth of 20 cm.

3. Irrigation

It was irrigated 8 to 9 times in the whole year, once a month from March to May, and once every 20 days in the high temperature season from June to August. In the middle of May, we should pay attention to water control and promote flower bud differentiation. Water should be balanced and controlled after September, and winter water should be well irrigated from October to November.

IV. Pest control

The main diseases and insect pests of fragrant pear in Korla area are: fragrant pear spot borer, pear wood louse, leaf mite, apple bark moth, pear tree rot and so on. The main measures for agricultural prevention and control are cleaning the countryside, picking insects and fruits, scraping the bark, bunching the trunk with film and grass, and leveling the land deeply. Biological control is mainly the application of all kinds of information hormones. The main purpose of chemical control is to establish the forecast system of insect pests and timely chemical control according to the chemical control index. Adopt point, slice, band and plant control methods to eliminate insect sources, use pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue and strong selectivity, avoid widespread pesticides, and use them alternately to avoid drug resistance.