Cultivation techniques of Yuanling jujube Xin 1 and Xin 2

Yuanling jujube is the main dried variety in Chiping County, Shandong Province. In 2003, we introduced Yuanling jujube No. 1 and Yuanling jujube No. 2 selected from common Yuanling jujube from Shandong Fruit Tree Research Institute for cultivation experiment.

1 the basic situation of the experimental park

The area of the experimental garden is 5.3hm2, flat, sandy loam, deep soil layer, soil pH value of 7.2, organic matter content of 1.11%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 53mg/kg, available phosphorus 13.9mg/kg, available phosphorus 79mg/kg. The experimental garden has irrigation conditions and good drainage. The annual average temperature is 13.1 ℃, the average temperature in January is-2.9 ℃, the average temperature in July is 26.7 ℃, the frost-free period is 193 days, and the annual precipitation is 603.2mm. Yuanling jujube Xin 1 and Xin 2 were planted in April 2003. the rootstock was sour jujube and the plant spacing was 2m × 4m. The average production of 167.2kg in 666.7m2 was 3 years after planting, and reached 407.6kg in 4 years. The fruit is short cylindrical, the weight of large fruit is nearly 20g, the content of soluble solids is 33%, the content of soluble solids is 34%, and the drying rate is more than 60%. In addition to dried red jujube and black jujube, it is also suitable for processing southern jujube. Yuanling jujube No. 1 and No. 2 have light fruit drop, stable fruit setting and high yield. Mature in mid-late September, the fruit does not crack in case of rain, the edible rate is 97%, and the yield is more than 30% higher than that of ordinary Yuanling jujube.

two。 Key points of cultivation techniques

2.1 Fine planting

Before planting, the planting holes of 80cm in length, width and depth were dug according to the row spacing, and the topsoil was separated from the inner soil. 666.7m2 was applied with organic fertilizer 3000kg and diammonium phosphate 20kg, mixed with topsoil, backfilled, irrigated, planted before bud germination in spring (mid-April), and moved north-south. The strong seedlings of more than 2 years old were selected, the height was more than 1m, the diameter of the root neck was more than 0.8cm, the root system was complete, there were 8 lateral roots, and there were no diseases and insect pests. Before planting, the roots were first trimmed and the root width 20-25cm was retained. When planting, dig the 35cm square hole in the sinking hole, put the seedling into the hole with filling, lifting the seedling and stepping on it, the depth of the seedling should be slightly higher than the ground, make the root neck level with the ground after irrigation, and immediately cover the film with 1.2m in length and width after water infiltration.

2.2 shaping and pruning

Choose the trunk thinning layer. Using the method of cleaning and sprouting, 5 jujube heads with strong growth were produced in the plastic belt in the same year. In the spring pruning of the second year, the first jujube head with strong growth left 6 secondary branches short cut as the central trunk to extend the branch, and the following 3 jujube heads with balanced growth left 2 Mel secondary branches as the first layer of main branches, and 3 secondary branches were removed under the cutting mouth to promote the growth of new jujube heads. The selected main branches are braced, pulled, hoisted and other methods to adjust the orientation and angle. In summer, when the central trunk lengthens the branch length by 1m and the main branch lengthens by more than 60cm, the jujube head grows and enriches. In the third year of winter pruning, the upper jujube head was left in the central stem as the extended branch, the lower jujube head as the second main branch, and the surplus jujube head was thinned or reserved as auxiliary and fruiting branches according to the space. The jujube head in the upper part of the main branch of the first layer was reserved as an extended branch, and the lower jujube head was reserved as the first lateral branch and fruiting branch group respectively. In order to promote the development of new jujube head, the third main branch, the second side branch of the first layer main branch and the first side branch of the second layer main branch were cultured. In summer, the middle trunk lengthens the jujube head length 80cm, and the first and second layers of main branches prolong the jujube head length 50-60cm, so as to enrich the jujube head growth. At the same time, attention should be paid to the culture of the fruiting branch group.

2.3 promote fruit setting

In the early stage of blooming, the new jujube heads with 6 secondary branches were picked out to control the growth of jujube heads and promote fruit setting. During the flowering period, beehives are placed between rows in the garden, and the distance between beehives is not more than 1000m. In the evening on sunny days in full bloom, spray water evenly on the trees to increase air humidity and promote pollen germination. Spray once every 5 days, a total of two times, spray combined with irrigation to avoid the phenomenon of "scorched flowers" caused by dry and hot wind. When the diameter of the newly planted jujube tree is larger than 5cm, the nail is opened at the end of the flowering period, and the trunk above the ground 20-30cm is cut for two weeks with a special ring cutter, 0.3-0.6cm wide, peeling off the xylem. The wound was disinfected with 1% methyl topiramate and bandaged with duct tape. Bandaging requires "tightening, hollow and loosening". Generally, it can be healed in 35 days. Young trees and weak trees are not peeled around.

Spray gibberellin of 10mg/kg or sodium naphthalene acetate of 10mg/kg at flowering stage. In the young fruit stage, 40-60mg/kg sodium naphthalene acetate was sprayed twice in a row, with an interval of 3 times for 5 days. Spray dilute @ # @ 258% urea solution at bud, flowering and young fruit stage, 0.3% 0.5% urea solution at early flowering stage, 3000 times boron fertilizer (borax, etc.) at flowering stage, 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at full flowering and young fruit stage.

2.4 Control of diseases and insect pests

The main diseases and insect pests harmful to young jujube trees are jujube gall midge, green bug bug, red spider, jujube rust and so on.

Control jujube gall midge. Before germination (late March), within 1 m from the tree trunk, the ground was sprinkled with phoxim particles, 666.7m2 sprinkled with 5kg, and then shallow hoe to kill the unearthed larvae. 1000-fold cypermethrin was sprayed once during germination (early April), once after half a month, and once every 10 days in May for 3 consecutive times.

Control green bug bugs. Weed out in winter. Spray 3-5oBe of stone-sulfur mixture (or 100x crystal solution of stone-sulfur mixture) before germination and spray again after 15 days. After sprouting (in the first ten days of April), 1000 times of cypermethrin was sprayed once, and again after half a month. From mid-first ten days of May, two times of 2000ml and 3000 times of Laifuling were sprayed twice every 15 days.

Control red spiders. Scrape the bark in winter and spring and spray 3-5oBe stone sulfur mixture before sprouting to eliminate overwintering mites. In the first ten days of August, the main stem was tied up to trap spider mites, and the grass was removed and burned in winter. Clean the jujube garden at the end of autumn and eliminate some insect sources. After wheat harvest, 2500 Mel 3000 times of acaricidal fruit was sprayed, or 73% of Propargite EC 2000Mel 3000 times, or 15% Amijing 3000 times, or 2% Avi-chlorofluorine EC 1500000 times, or 2% Avi-chlorofluorine EC 1500000 times.

Control jujube rust. During the hibernating period, thoroughly sweep away the diseased fallen leaves, concentrate on burying or burning, and eliminate the source of overwintering bacteria. Spray control was started near the onset of the disease in mid-early July, spraying twice continuously with lime double Bordeaux solution, trimethoprim or methyl topiramate 800 times, each time with an interval of about 20 days.