High-yielding cultivation of Potato in Spring in the second cropping area

First, select high-quality virus-free seed potatoes

In the second cropping area, the time suitable for potato growth in spring is relatively short (60-70 days). Early-maturing and virus-free varieties with short dormancy period, early tuber setting, rapid expansion, strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield must be selected, such as Yu Potato No.1 and No.2. Feurita and so on. The seed consumption is 120 kg per mu.

2. Early slicing and early sprouting

1. Warm the seed and cut into pieces. Before slicing, the seed potato was treated with warm seeds in the room or in the sunny bed at a temperature of 12: 15 ℃ for 5-7 days to promote the seed potato to break dormancy and promote bud eye germination. About 25 days before sowing, the method of equal cutting should be adopted: if the potato is less than 25 grams, only the navel tail can be cut off to stimulate germination; the potato pieces of 25 grams and 50 grams can be cut into 2 pieces longitudinally and grow strongly by using the top bud; the potato cubes of 80 grams and 100 grams can be cut up and down into 4 pieces; the larger potato pieces should be cut first from the tail, cut to the middle and upper part, and then cut longitudinally. Large potatoes can also be cut up and down longitudinally, and then cut separately from the buds at the navel tail. Requirements: about 45 pieces per kilogram of seed potato, the size of the cut piece should be uniform; each piece should be cut into triangular pieces with thick meat as far as possible; each piece should retain at least one bud hole, and the incision should be as close as possible to the bud hole. A bud hole in a large potato block can be divided into two pieces with buds. The cutter should be fast, thin and clean. When cutting into diseased and rotten potatoes, soak in 5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 minutes. After slicing, spread the seed block in the leeward and sunny place and dry the incision water to promote the wound healing.

two。 Budding treatment. Sprouting is carried out after the wound heals. ① indoor sprouting. Put the dried seed into the basket and cover it with a wet gunny bag and keep it for 15: 18 ℃. ② outdoor sprouting. Choose to build a sunny bed to sprout in the leeward direction. The width of the border is 1 meter, and the length depends on the number of seeds. The border is covered with 5 cm thick wet sand. After placing a layer of seed block, sprinkle a layer of wet sand, put a layer of seed office, and sprinkle a layer of wet sand. In this way, you can put 2 layers of seed potato, do not pile up too thick to prevent rotten seeds. Cover the grass at night, uncover it at 8 a.m. and cover it at 5 p.m., to ensure adequate light, and the temperature in the border should be kept at 15: 18 ℃.

III. Scientific fertilization to promote high yield

Choose sandy loam with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation and fertile soil to grow potato to avoid continuous cropping with eggplant crops. The balanced fertilization method of "mainly organic fertilizer and the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer" was adopted. For example, for fields with a yield of 2500-3000 kg per mu, the fertilization standards are as follows: 5 cubic meters of high-quality circular fertilizer per mu, 50-75 kg of special compound fertilizer for potatoes or 25-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, urea and potassium sulfate, 1 kg of zinc sulfate and 0.5 kg of borax. Farm manure is combined with ploughing and soil preparation, chemical fertilizer is used as seed fertilizer or topdressing, and it is applied in strips when sowing. Plastic film cultivation is used to apply all fertilizers as base fertilizer at one time; 25 kg of compound fertilizer or 40-50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate should be left in open field cultivation, which should be applied after about 80% of the seedlings are unearthed, and the rest of the fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer at one time, and the tillage depth is about 30 cm.

IV. High yield of scientific sowing

1. Sow seeds as soon as possible. In the second cropping area, the effective growth period for potato growth in spring is only 60-70 days, and it is necessary to sow as soon as possible in order to achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency. General requirements: start sowing when the soil temperature is 7: 15 ℃ at a depth of 10 centimeters, and sow as soon as possible according to the local climate.

two。 The soil moisture sows deeply. If the soil moisture is insufficient, water the soil first and then prepare the soil before sowing to ensure that the whole seedling is sown. The ground temperature is low and the air is dry in early spring, so it is not easy to cultivate the soil with facility cultivation, so it should be sowed deeply. Yu potato No. 1 and No. 2 have a sowing depth of 10 cm and Fewuritar is 12-15 cm.

3. Sowing density and cultivation pattern. For the early-maturing cultivation of potato in spring, plastic film mulching cultivation, small arch greenhouse or greenhouse mulching crucible should be adopted. The potato production in the second season planting area adopts ridging cultivation, and it is suitable to sow on the Chaoyang slope and sow in the west or south of the ridge slope. Planting about 5500 plants per mu, single row ridge height 15 cm 20 cm, row spacing 60 × 23 cm, double row ridge spacing 1 m, ridge width 60 cm, ridge height 15 cm 20 cm, large row spacing 60 cm 70 cm, small row spacing 40 cm 30 cm, plant spacing 27 cm. Potatoes can be interplanted with corn, cotton, watermelon, taro, chili and so on.

4. Sowing method. Choose to plant on the east-west sunny slope after the cold spell and when the temperature rises; apply chemical fertilizer to the sowing ditch at the sowing front, and mix the fertilizer with the soil once a shallow hoe to ensure that the seed potato is not in direct contact with chemical fertilizer to prevent burning seedlings; when sowing, sow the long and short buds separately to prevent the big seedlings from deceiving the small seedlings; properly suppress after sowing, eliminate the big bumps, and gently pat or sweep the noodles with a rake to cover the film.

V. Prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests

1. Viral disease. It is the main reason for the degradation of potato species and the decrease of potato yield, which should be prevented and controlled. Select disease-resistant varieties and virus-free seed potatoes; adjust sowing date, sow early and harvest early, avoid the migration peak of aphids, reduce the damage and spread of aphids, avoid the effects of high temperature; timely and effectively control virus-transmitting insects: aphids, whitefly, tea yellow mites, etc.; it is found that susceptible plants should be pulled out immediately and closed around them with chemicals. Chemical control: spray sugar + vinegar + wine + goat milk mixture at the initial stage of the disease, or 1.5% Zhitanling Ⅱ emulsion 1000 times, or Tianfengsu + zinc sulfate + human ribavirin + goat milk mixture for prevention and treatment.

two。 Late blight. It is easy to occur under the condition of low temperature and high humidity before and after flowering, using spray prevention, focusing on the back of the leaves. Before and after flowering, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times, or 25% Ruidu wettable powder 500 times 800 times dilution, or 58% Ruidu manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times dilution, once every 7 days, 3 times in a row.