Cultivation techniques of Potato with full Film and double ridges and furrows in Arid area

The cultivation technique of potato with full film and double ridges and furrow sowing is a drought-resistant planting technique suitable for the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China by raising ridges according to the width of the belt, implementing the whole ground cover, preserving soil moisture, collecting rain, increasing temperature and increasing production. Its main advantages are: by covering all the plastic film on the ridges and ridges, ① fully collects all the rainfall during the potato growth period, especially collecting the small rainfall of about 5mm in spring through the film surface to the rain collecting ditch, which effectively solves the problem of sowing seriously affected by spring drought in the dry farming area, thus ensuring the normal emergence of potato seedlings. ② can maximize all rainfall during potato growth, reduce invalid evaporation of soil moisture, and ensure water supply during potato growth period; early ③ can increase soil temperature, increase effective accumulated temperature, prolong potato growth period, benefit mid-late maturity varieties to give full play to their production potential, and have obvious yield-increasing effect, which is 10.5% higher than that of semi-mulching and 46.1% higher than that of open field.

First, selecting stubble for soil preparation

Select the dry Sichuan land or terraced field with deep soil layer, loose soil and medium-high fertility, and the three-year rotation of bean, wheat and potato is suitable. When preparing the soil after the previous crop harvest, it is required to achieve ground leveling, fine soil, no clods and no stubble.

II. Scientific fertilization

Combined with autumn land preparation, 3000 kg of high-quality farm manure was applied once per mu, 60kg of potato special fertilizer was applied before ridging, or 20,30kg of urea, 60kg of calcium superphosphate, 20kg of potassium sulfate, or 17kg of urea, 15kg of diammonium phosphate and 20kg of potassium sulfate were applied. For plots seriously damaged by underground pests, combined with autumn application of base fertilizer, 40% methyl isosphos EC 0.5 kg plus fine sandy soil 50 kg was made into poisonous soil and applied in the soil.

Third, ridging

Use a rowing device to row at a distance of 20 cm from the edge of the ground, with a large row near the edge of the ground, 70 cm wide and a small row 40 cm wide. Apply chemical fertilizer at one time according to the fertilization standard on the surface of the big row, and then use a step plough to plough a large bow-shaped ridge back and forth along the line to the middle, with a height of 5 cm to 10 cm. In the middle of the two large bow ridges is a small ridge 40 cm wide. Scrape the furrow formed by the big ridge along the soil to the middle of the small ridge to form a small bow ridge. The ridge is 5 cm high, and each rain collecting ditch corresponds to one large and one small rain collecting ridge. It is required that the ridges and furrows, the width and width of the ridges are uniform, and the ridges are the same. The ridges are 110 cm wide. From one side to the other. After the end of the first ridge, the second ridge will be formed.

IV. Film mulching

Choose a plastic film with a width of 120 cm and a thickness of 0.008 to 0.01 mm. There is no gap between the film and the film, and the connection must be in the middle of the ridge, and the plastic film must be pressed with fine soil at the junction. When covering the film, the plastic film should be close to the ridge surface and furrow, and the plastic film on both sides should be straightened and compacted, pressing an earth belt every 2 to 3 meters. About a week after plastic film mulching, after the plastic film is close to the ridge surface or rainfall, micro-holes are made every 50 cm in the ridge and furrow, so that the water harvesting in the ridge and furrow can seep into the soil in time.

Selection of varieties and seed treatment

Excellent varieties such as "Xindaping", "Longshu 5", "Longshu 6" and "Zhuangshu 3" can be selected. After the potato pieces came out of the cellar, strict seed selection was carried out to remove diseases, insects and rotten potatoes. 10-15 days before sowing, the seed potatoes were dried and sprouted. 1-2 days before sowing, the seed potatoes were cut into pieces of 25g and 50g, and each potato must have 1 or 2 bud eyes. Disinfect the knife with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution before cutting the potato. After the potato pieces are cut, soak the seeds with 100 grams of rare earth Handibao in 10 kilograms of water for 20 minutes, soak them in a cool place to dry, and then sow seeds.

6. Sowing seeds at the right time

It is suitable to sow seeds in the middle and late April. Drill holes at 10-15 cm from the side of the ridge to the catchment ditch. The distance between plants is about 40 cm, and the seedlings are protected by 3000000 plants per 667 square meters.

VII. Field management

1. Seedling stage management: in case of rain after sowing, it is easy to form hardening on the sowing hole, which should be broken in time to facilitate seedling emergence. If there is a dislocation between the seedling and the sowing hole during emergence, the seedling should be released in time. Those whose seedlings do not emerge evenly should be replanted in time.

two。 Budding stage management: it is necessary to pick flowers and top off in time and carry out foliar topdressing at the right time.

3. Tuber expansion period management: cover the soil properly on the plastic film, reduce the temperature in the ridge, create a cool soil environment, in order to facilitate the tuber expansion, the root topdressing should be carried out on the de-fattened land.

4. Prevention and control of late blight: give priority to prevention, immediately pull out and bury the diseased plants in the center, and apply 50% topiramine wettable powder, or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc, or 64% poisonous alum 500 times alternately, spraying once every 7 days for 3 times.

VIII. Timely harvest

It should be harvested in time when the tuber stops growing, that is, when the leaves of 2paw 3 turn yellow and the plants begin to wither. Combined with autumn harvest, remove plastic film to avoid soil pollution.