Cultivation of potato with high ridge and double row

High-ridge double-row cultivation of potato refers to the planting method of planting wide and narrow rows, cultivating the soil of wide rows to narrow rows, making the narrow rows form soil moisture, and the soil moisture is higher than that of 25cm. The experiment confirmed that the potato cultivated in the ridge has the advantages of early emergence, high proportion of large and medium potatoes and high yield, and the yield of the ridge cultivation is 19.1% higher than that of the flat cultivation. The specific cultivation techniques are as follows:

I. meticulous land preparation

Potato is a shallow root crop. The better the root system develops in the soil after tuber sowing, the stronger the plant growth and the higher the yield after the seedling is unearthed. In particular, the root system of early-maturing species is generally not as developed as late-maturing species, and the distribution is relatively shallow. Therefore, the quality of soil preparation directly affects the growth of tubers. The plots with deep ploughing layer, loose soil, medium fertility, convenient drainage and irrigation, non-Solanaceae crops and sufficient light should be selected, 25~30cm should be ploughed deeply, two ploughs and two harrows should be ploughed, and the soil should be crushed manually so that the soil is loose and fine.

2. Seed selection and seed potato treatment

Virus-free healthy potato varieties such as Hui-2, Hezuo 88 and Hezuo 23 with high yield and high quality were selected.

After the seed potato was harvested in the first year, the healthy seed potato was selected to lay 2-3 layers on the floor, and the short and strong buds were cultivated under the condition of scattered light.

Third, sow seeds at the right time and plant them closely in a reasonable manner.

The determination of sowing date should be considered from the following aspects: first, the tuber formation period should be arranged in the season suitable for tuber expansion, that is, the average temperature should not exceed 23 ℃, sunshine hours per day should not exceed 14 hours, and there should be an appropriate amount of Rain Water. Second, according to the time of late frost, the seeds should be sowed at about 20-30 days before late frost and when the temperature stably passes 5-7 ℃, so as to avoid the harm of late frost. Third, according to the characteristics of varieties, early-maturing varieties should be sown earlier. On the other hand, the mid-and late-maturing varieties (Huihui-2 and Hezuo 88 are both mid-and late-maturing varieties) have strong stress resistance and can be sowed late appropriately, so that the tuber-setting period can be moved to the condition of low temperature and short days suitable for potato fruiting. Therefore, according to the time needed for each growth stage of the plant, the tuber-forming period should be arranged in the most suitable season to determine the sowing date. According to the characteristics that the winter idle dry rainy season usually comes in June and the late frost is late to April, it is most suitable to sow seeds during the stinging-the Spring Equinox season.

The planting density should be reasonably close planted according to the characteristics of the variety. The leaf area index of high-yield potato is 3.5-3.5, and high yield can be obtained when it reaches 4. Varieties with earlier ripening stage or shorter plants and fewer branches should be planted densely. For example, Atlantic Ocean and Zhongdian Red Eye are precocious and have fewer branches, so it is appropriate to plant closely and sow 4000mu 4500 ponds per mu, while the mid-late maturing varieties such as Hui-2, Hezuo 88 and Hezuo 23 have more branches and larger leaf area per plant, and it is suitable to sow 3500m 4000tang per mu. And the sowing density of low altitude and good light and heat condition of water and fertilizer is sparse, with the increase of altitude, the light and heat condition of water and fertilizer is poor, sowing can be encrypted.

Fourth, high-ridge double-row cultivation

After the implementation of wide and narrow row planting, wide row 80cm, narrow row 40cm fine soil leveling, ditch according to 40cm row spacing, ditch depth 10~15cm, species 2 rows empty 1 row, then according to plant spacing 28~33cm will be prepared seed potato points into the ditch, seed potato above the application of fertilizer, and then break soil cover seed, when breaking soil, the middle beam of 2 rows of potatoes is not broken, only 2 rows of potato beams on both sides are broken. Sowing depth should be determined according to soil moisture, generally speaking, under the condition of loose soil texture and drought, the sowing depth can be deeper, and the suitable depth is 12~15cm; too shallow sowing is easy to be affected by high temperature and drought, which is not conducive to plant growth and tuber formation and expansion, affecting yield and quality. Under the condition of heavy soil texture and waterlogging, it is appropriate to sow shallow and the suitable depth is 8~10cm. If sowing too deep, it is easy to cause rotten seeds or prolong the seedling emergence period, affecting the whole seedling and strong seedling. In addition, under the condition of drought, there is a trend of early emergence of seed potato buds upward during sowing.

5. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and early topdressing

Potato is a high-yield crop and needs a lot of fertilizer. Among the three elements, potassium is the most, nitrogen is the second, and phosphorus is less. Fertilization is mainly based on grass roots, supplemented by topdressing; heavy application of base fertilizer, early application of topdressing; more farm manure, suitable nitrogen fertilizer. In the case of high soil fertility, in order to avoid overgrowth of plants, 2 + 3 of the total nitrogen fertilizer can be mixed with farm manure as base fertilizer and 1 + + 3 as topdressing. Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are generally used as base fertilizer. Topdressing should be early, especially early topdressing of early-maturing varieties can promote early fruiting, early harvest and early listing; late topdressing is easy to cause excessive growth, or slow tuber expansion, late ripening and other phenomena, topdressing should end before the plant is closed. Therefore, the base fertilizer requires the application of rotten farm manure 1500kg to 2000kg per mu N ∶ P ∶ Kraft 10 ∶ 10 ∶ 10 compound fertilizer 80~100kg, and the two fertilizers are applied once as pond cover fertilizer. After finishing the seedlings, topdressing was carried out with checking seedlings, replenishing seedlings and weeding in the middle tillage, and urea 10kg or ammonium bicarbonate 25kg was applied per mu to promote seedlings.

VI. Whole potato sowing

Whole potato sowing can prevent virus and bacterial diseases from spreading through cutters and avoid cutting pieces to rot and lack seedlings. In addition, the whole potato emerged neatly after sowing and sprouting, the period of tuber formation among plants was relatively consistent, the growing tuber was neat, and the rate of commercial potato was high. At the same time, compared with sliced sowing, whole potato sowing has stronger stress resistance, drought tolerance, less disease, high yield potential and high yield. According to the experiment, the yield of whole potato sowing is 3050% higher than that of slicing sowing. The tuber sown with whole potato should not be too large, otherwise, the amount of seed used is large and the cost is high. Generally, about 50g seed potato is used for sowing. But the potato pieces should not be too small, and the potato pieces that are too small are not strong in nature and are easy to cause degradation.

Strengthen the management of middle ploughing to ensure a high yield and harvest

1. Check seedlings, replenish seedlings and protect seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5~10cm. If it is found that there is a lack of ponds, the seedlings with more seedlings nearby should be transplanted into the missing ponds.

2. Cultivate the soil in time, in order to avoid the stolon protruding from the ground (exposed) in the early growth stage, the tuber becomes green after the tuber is exposed and poisoned by people and animals, it is necessary to cultivate the soil in time in the early stage of potato growth. It is necessary to cover the soil shallowly when sowing, and then combine with ploughing and weeding to cultivate the soil, and it is required to cultivate the soil for 2 or 3 times, and the last time before the plant is closed, it should be combined with clearing the trench and thick to cultivate the soil, so that the ridge height is at least 25cm, the soil is thick, and the soil temperature is stable, which can not only reduce the production of abnormal tubers, but also prevent a large number of spores of late blight from invading the inside of tubers and causing diseased tubers or rot.

3. Control diseases and pests to ensure that the main diseases of harvest potatoes are late blight, bacterial wilt, ring rot and scab, and the main pests are land tigers. Late blight is a common and harmful disease. Non-resistant varieties can cause devastating disasters when they are popular, varieties with poor disease resistance can cause devastating disasters when they are popular, and varieties with poor disease resistance can lose up to 3050% in the field during the epidemic of late blight, and after the bacteria invade tubers, it will also cause losses during storage, ranging from 510% to more than 30%, resulting in rotten cellar. High humidity and high temperature (24-30 ℃) is a favorable condition for spore invasion of Phytophthora infestans. In the middle and later stages of growth, if there is a sunny day after rain for 2-6 days, late blight is easy to occur and spread. At first, a light brown spot occurs at the top or edge of the leaf, and there are yellowish-green symptoms around the spot. In the morning with high humidity and rainy days, the disease spot expands quickly, the leaf surface shows water-soaked green and withered, and white mold appears outside the withered spot, and the white mold on the back of the leaf is more clear. The prevention and control of late blight should give priority to prevention, and it is particularly important to select resistant varieties. Huihui-2 and Hezuo 88, which are currently popularized in our county, are more resistant varieties; once the central diseased plant of the late epidemic is found in the field in the middle and later stage of growth, it is necessary to spray and control immediately. Metalaxyl manganese zinc, potato distemper, Leidi, gold and other pesticides are selected every 7-10 days, and the control effect is good.

Bacterial wilt is the most difficult disease to control. When the disease occurs, a main stem or a branch will suddenly wilt and wither, and the other stems and leaves will grow as usual for a while, but will soon die. At present, there are no varieties immune to bacterial wilt, and it can spread the disease in soil, so it needs to take comprehensive control measures to be effective. Adopt whole potato sowing, implement crop rotation, eliminate parasitic miscellaneous bills in the field, eliminate diseased plants, prohibit diseased rotten potatoes from being mixed with fertilizer, and weed as far as possible without harming the roots. Reducing root disease transmission is an important measure to prevent bacterial wilt.

If the harm to the ground tiger is found, the trichlorfon poison bait can be used to trap or use 20% EC to kill permethrin or 2.5% EC stream cypermethrin 5000 times dilution to spray once or twice.

4. To control the plant height of Tuchang Hezuo 88 and Hezuo 23, when the rainfall is abundant, it will produce a certain degree of overgrowth, so when the canopy coverage reaches 95%, choose to spray 2/10000 paclobutrazol solution on a sunny day to prevent plant lodging and ensure high and stable yield.