High-yielding Cultivation Models of Several Potato Species

In recent years, the potato association of Ziyang District of Yiyang City has actively explored the high-yield cultivation model of potato, and carried out continuous demonstration planting in Xiangbulun Township, Yingfengqiao Town, Changchun Town and so on, forming a complete set of high-yield cultivation technique system.

Spring potato-double cropping rice cultivation. Early-maturing varieties such as "Dongnong 303" were selected for spring potato, which were sown from mid-late December to early January of the following year, and harvested from late April to early May. Early rice selected late-maturing varieties, sparse sowing strong seedlings or two-stage seedling raising, transplanting potatoes in time after harvest in early May, early rice properly close planting, increasing basic seedlings, combined with one-time application of sufficient fertilizer to ensure the early growth and rapid development of grain seedlings. The hybrid rice combinations with mid-maturity or early mid-maturity were selected for sowing and transplanting in time. Compared with double-cropping rice, the income of potato per crop was increased by 800 yuan to 1200 yuan.

Spring potato-spring corn-autumn potato cultivation. Spring potato cultivation is the same as above. Spring corn was sown from late March to mid-April, interplanted in potato rows or transplanted in time after potato harvest in mid-late April, and fresh corn cobs were harvested in the first and middle of July. Autumn potatoes are sown from late August to early September. The average annual output value of this model is 3000-4000 yuan per mu, and the average annual net income per mu is 2200-3100 yuan, which is 2.6-3.5 times of the benefit of planting double-cropping rice.

Spring potato-spring waxy (sweet) corn-vegetable cultivation. Spring potato and spring corn are cultivated as above. After harvest, spring corn is planted with white buds, autumn lettuce and other vegetables. Sow before July 20 and transplant in mid-August. The average annual output value of this model is 30004500 yuan per mu, and the average annual net income per mu is 2000,3400 yuan, which is 1.9-3.9 times of the benefit of planting double-cropping rice.

Spring potato-spring waxy (sweet) corn-autumn corn cultivation. Spring potato and spring corn are cultivated as above. Autumn corn will be sown before the end of July, with a guarantee of 4000,500 plants per mu. The average annual output value per mu is 2800 to 3300 yuan, and the average annual net income per mu is 1900 to 2300 yuan, which is 1.9 to 2.1 times the benefit of planting double-cropping rice.

In terms of high-yield cultivation techniques of potato, the association has promoted the new technology of no-tillage cultivation of potato covered with rice straw, focusing on the following key points:

Choose potato species. Dongnong 303, Atlantic, Fewurita, Zhongshu 5 and other new varieties were selected.

Apply enough base fertilizer. Generally, per mu, 3000kg / mu organic fertilizer, 15kg / mu potassium sulfate, 100kg / 150kg plant ash and 50kg / mu compound fertilizer are applied. Zinc deficiency can be applied with 2 kg of zinc sulfate and boron deficiency with 1 kg of borax.

Sow seeds in time. Spring potato must be sowed from mid-late December to early February, requiring potato pieces to sow with buds; autumn potato sowing from late August to early September requires sprouting and sowing to ensure strong buds on each potato block, which can shorten the emergence time and prolong the growth period. In particular, autumn potatoes should be sown with whole potatoes. There is no wound in whole potato sowing, and it is not easy to infect germs, so it is not easy to rot, which is beneficial to sowing the whole seedling. For whole potato sowing, it is appropriate to choose 30 to 50 grams, too small is not conducive to high yield, too large is not cost-effective. Soaking seeds with potassium permanganate 280,300 times solution for 20 minutes can reduce the incidence of black shank of potato.

Reasonable close planting. According to the characteristics of potato tuber concentrated on the soil surface of this technology, the suitable planting density of potato is 4000 ~ 5000 plants per mu, and the Atlantic variety needs proper close planting because of its short plant, and the suitable planting density is 5500 ~ 6000 plants per mu. In addition, those with low fertility level can be appropriately dense, and those with high fertility level are sparse.

Disinfect and cover grass. Disinfect the soil with dimethazone or carbendazim before sowing to avoid rotting seeds caused by bacteria after sowing. Cover straw 10cm thick after sowing, cover evenly.

Field management. Focus on water management, keep the soil dry, the soil is too wet and easy to rot. Open the "three ditches" (enclosing ditch, main ditch, chamber ditch) so that the drainage is smooth and the rain lives in the field. In case of continuous dry weather, appropriate irrigation to keep moist, promote the emergence of seedlings. After topdressing urea 7kg / mu or ammonium bicarbonate 20kg / mu plus potassium sulfate 8kg / mu, watering or ditch (hole) application, prosperous seedlings can be less or no topdressing.

Chemical regulation. From budding stage to flowering stage, if the plant grows too much due to excessive fertilizer and water, it can be sprayed evenly on the plant canopy with 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 24 g / mu or 25% paclobutrazol EC 15 g / m 20 g, adding 40 liters of water.