Principles and key techniques of rice cultivation in cold regions

The three-super cultivation technique of rice in cold regions is aimed at the growth obstacles such as short growth period, too many basic seedlings, excessive consumption of growth, poor light exposure of plant type, and growth decline in the later stage in the high-yield cultivation of rice in cold areas. taking the effect of rice cropping on the edge of rice as an example, taking the minimum basic seedlings to create the largest super-high-yielding population as the basic idea, taking "extending nutrition time and space and releasing production potential" The basic principle of strengthening the performance of double crown (plant canopy and root canopy) is to select standard high quality super rice and adopt single (double) grain positioning ultra-early and ultra-low quantity sowing to cultivate homogeneous and multi-tiller strong seedlings. wide row single (double) this plant is suitable for transplanting super-sparse planting after the final frost, quantitative agronomic deep fertilization, circulation of shallow wet-dry and water-controlled irrigation throughout the whole process are the key techniques to achieve safe and sustainable super-high yield. Generally, the yield per hectare can reach more than 10000 kg, which is more than 20% higher than that of conventional cultivation, and the quality can reach more than grade 2 of the national standard. It is a breakthrough technology to greatly improve the yield and quality of rice after the dry cultivation and sparse planting technology of rice in Heilongjiang Province.

1. Selection of high quality super rice varieties

As we all know, different varieties need different ecological conditions and cultivation measures. This is the truth of the so-called "improved seed and good law".

On the one hand, there are obvious differences in the yield level of the same variety under different cultivation conditions, and the more high-yield cultivation, the greater the difference. In other words, the varieties with a yield of 500 kg per mu under conventional cultivation conditions can reach more than 700 kg under three super cultivation conditions, with a difference of 200 kg, which is the charm of rice three super cultivation; on the other hand, different varieties under the same conditions, the rice yield varies significantly with different varieties. Therefore, the correct selection of high-quality super rice varieties with target yield potential is undoubtedly the primary prerequisite for the success of rice three-super cultivation.

According to many years of experimental demonstration and production practice, it is shown that: (1) the selection criteria of varieties: ① has target yield potential and quality index; ② has suitable growth period, normal heading, safe maturity; ③ has disease resistance, lodging resistance, plant type convergence, large panicle type. (2) choose "double hundred" seeds: that is, 100% germination rate, 100% plumpness, 10 kg per hectare, 50% and 90% less than sparse planting and ultra-sparse planting.

two。 Extend nutrition time and space

(1) prolong the nutrition time.

Prolonging nutrition time and expanding space are the fundamental technical measures to increase rice production in cold areas. From direct seeding cultivation (May 15), seedling transplanting (May 4), transplanting with soil (April 26) to dry cultivation and sparse planting (April 16), the sowing date of each cultivation system was advanced by about 10 days, and the yield increased by 1000.