Common problems in Rice cultivation in Dryland

1. How to raise enough rice seedlings under the condition of drought and water shortage.

The season of the year is in spring. It vividly and profoundly illustrates the importance of raising seedlings in the whole year's production. Under such special conditions this year, raising sufficient seedlings is the key measure to win drought resistance and win a bumper harvest. In order to raise enough rice seedlings in the case of drought and lack of water, the first thing is to determine the way of raising rice seedlings according to local conditions, and the second is to pay attention to the implementation of technical measures. When determining the method of raising seedlings, there are three ways to choose for reference: first, to popularize raising seedlings in dry land where water can be obtained locally; second, to carry out remote raising of commercial seedlings through the coordination of township governments in places where there is no water; third, farmers can contact and raise guest seedlings in different places through relatives and friends. In places where there is perennial drought and it is difficult to raise seedlings, it is also necessary to seize the opportunity of spring sowing and soil moisture to raise corn seedlings for disaster preparedness, especially to raise as many seedlings as possible, which is not only the last line of defense against disasters in Dachun, but also can be used as green fodder for the development of animal husbandry.

2. How to cultivate drought-resistant and strong seedlings of the right age

Youdao is a good grain for half a year, and the quality of seedlings is the key to the high yield of rice. In order to cultivate drought-resistant and strong seedlings of the right age, we should focus on the following key technical links:

1) choose suitable varieties. Excellent varieties refer to the varieties that adapt to the local natural conditions, production level and cultivation techniques. Not only depends on whether the ear is big or not, the quality is good. In the case of drought resistance and raising seedlings, in low altitude areas, we should first consider whether rice can heading and blossom in mid-July, and avoid the effect of high temperature and summer drought from late July to early August on rice flowering and fruiting as far as possible. in the middle and low mountain areas, we should consider avoiding the effect of low temperature and overcast rain in autumn on rice flowering and fruiting, that is, we should select varieties with short growth period in late sowing. The second is the ability to resist drought and low temperature. Third, in the case of disaster weather, the diseases and insect pests are more serious, so the varieties with good disease resistance and seed treatment should be selected. In areas and fields threatened by summer drought, where the sowing date is postponed due to lack of water, do not layout varieties with a growth period of more than 160 days.

2) insist on timely and early broadcast. Early sowing at the right time can effectively prolong the vegetative growth period of rice, increase the effective accumulated temperature, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic dry matter, promote early maturity, effectively reduce the effects of high temperature, summer drought or autumn wind in the later stage of rice growth, and lay a foundation for increasing rice yield. As most of the existing popularized varieties are large panicle type and generally have a long growth period, in order to avoid the influence of summer drought, which is the biggest disaster of the year, heading and flowering is usually required before July 15, so timely early sowing is required.

3) prepare enough seedling bed for raising seedlings. Choose the sandy soil which is leeward, sunny and convenient to manage, and it is better to use the vegetable garden as the seedling bed for dry raising rice seedlings. After shallow turning, weeds and straw residues should be removed in time, especially under-fine soil and leveling. The nursery bed should carry out soil treatment before sowing. Every square meter of seedling field should be sprayed evenly with 2.5 g of dimethazone and 2 kg of water, or evenly spread disinfection and sterilization after mixing well with fine sand, or evenly mix seeds with dry nursery nannies (350 g of each package of dry nursery nannies to seed 1-1.2kg seeds), disinfect and sterilize the seeds and improve the ability of water conservation and soil consolidation of seeds. The bottom water of the seedling bed should be poured thoroughly at one time, so that the soil layer of the seedling bed is saturated and there is no clear water on the surface of the seedling bed. The preparation of adequate seedbed is an important measure to cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age. The water source condition is relatively good, where the seedling age can be planted within 50 days, the seedling field with 1.5 meters wide and 20 meters long per mu of Honda (1 kg seed) should be used when sowing; if the transplanting seedling age is more than 60 days, each mu of Honda (1 kg seed) should use 1.5 meters wide and at least 30 meters long seedling land.

4) improve the quality of sowing. Do a good job in seed treatment, improve seed vigor, and ensure neat and consistent seedling emergence. When the average temperature of the day passed steadily through 10 ℃, the cold tail and warm head began to sow. After sowing, sprinkle a layer of thin soil cover seeds, cover soil 1 cm, the seeds must be strictly covered, arch cover film to raise seedlings. It is strongly advocated to cover the double film, that is, after covering the surface of the seedling field with an old film, and then build a frame to cover the second film, in order to heat and moisturize, and early emergence.

5) strengthen the management of seedbed. From sowing to seedling stage, it is mainly to keep warm and moisturizing, and when the temperature in the film is more than 35 ℃, pay attention to ventilation and cooling. From seedling emergence to the stage of one leaf and one heart, the temperature and humidity were mainly adjusted, the root was promoted, and the temperature in the membrane was kept within 25 ℃. One leaf with one heart, 70% dimethazone 1 gram per square meter, mixed into 1000 times liquid spray, to prevent blight; if the bed soil turns white in drought, you can replenish water appropriately. From one leaf to two leaves, the seedlings were ventilated and tempered gradually, and the temperature in the film was kept at about 20 ℃. After the two leaves are of one heart, the greenhouse film is opened step by step. Three leaves one heart period to apply weaning fertilizer, per square meter urea 5 grams, 1000 times evenly sprayed with water, and spray clean water to wash seedlings. Pay attention to prevent weeds in the seedbed: one is to clean the seedling field once (30% dichloride) before the three leaves are integrated. Benzyl wettable powder) 30 grams per mu with water spray. Second, before budding or 2-3 days after uncovering the film, spray with 17.2% Yaohebao wettable powder 200g / mu.