Analysis of Drug use in Fish Culture

In recent years, the aquaculture industry in China has developed rapidly, and the intensive degree of aquaculture is also improving rapidly. at the same time, the aquaculture environment is also deteriorating, which makes the immunity and disease resistance of breeding objects decline, and the incidence rate is significantly improved. and due to the mutation of pathogens and other factors, new diseases and difficult diseases appear frequently. At present, these diseases are mainly treated with drugs. In this paper, the development, classification, factors affecting the action of fishery drugs and the problems existing in the use of fishery drugs in China were discussed.

I. Development and classification of fishery medicine

Fishery medicine refers to all substances used to prevent, control and treat diseases, insects and pests of aquatic animals and plants, promote the healthy growth of cultured varieties, enhance disease resistance and improve the quality of aquaculture water.

1. The development process of fishery medicine in China

Fishery medicine runs through the development process of aquaculture in China, and with the improvement of science and technology and the deepening of research, the composition, classification and function of fishery medicine are constantly improving. Generally speaking, it is divided into three stages.

The first stage of ①

Through the exploration and accumulation of soil and single test prescription in production practice, industrial products and some processed products of agricultural and sideline products are used in practical application. For example, Croton in Qingtang medicine, as well as quicklime commonly used in disinfection and sterilization, and so on. Although fishery drugs at this stage have the advantages of easily available raw materials, low price, simple use and wide application, but at the same time, these fishery drugs have not gone through scientific pharmacological and toxicological tests. in the process of use, it also has the disadvantages of unstable curative effect and poor safety.

The second stage of ②

From human drugs, livestock and poultry drugs, plant protection drugs and other aspects of drug use through a series of pharmacological and toxicological tests to select effective drugs to be transplanted to the aquaculture industry. These are also the mainstream fishery drugs in our country at the present stage. This kind of fish medicine is stable and safe to enhance the immunity of aquaculture objects, improve its stress to adverse environment and prevent and treat diseases, but at the same time, it has a great impact on the environment, and with the enhancement of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, many of the drugs at this stage are no longer suitable to be used in practice, or even banned.

The third stage of ③

Mainly aimed at the current aquaculture serious major diseases and bad aquaculture environment has a unique efficacy and solutions of new drugs, this kind of drugs not only improve the efficacy, and pay more attention to green, environmental protection and no secondary poisoning and so on. This is also the future development direction of fishery medicine in China.

two。 Classification and function of fishery drugs in China at present

There are many kinds of fishery medicine in our country, and their names are different in the market, which are mainly divided into the following categories according to their different functions.

① antibacterial agents

Drugs that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria can be divided into antibiotics, sulfonamides, furans and other chemotherapeutic agents.

② disinfectant

The agents used for disinfection are called disinfectants. Can be divided into halogens, oxidants and dyes and so on.

③ insect repellents and insecticides

Drugs that dispel parasites in vivo and in vitro, such as trichlorfon, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, albendazole, etc.

④ antifungal and antioxidant

It is mainly used as feed additive to prevent feed mildew and oxidation. Such as removing mildew net, sodium propionate and so on.

⑤ nutritional agents and metabolic improvers

Mainly prevent diseases caused by metabolic disorders and treat nutritional disorders. Such as hormones, vitamins and so on.

⑥ anesthetic

A drug used in egg collection, transportation of live fish, marking of fish and operation. Such as ether, MS222 and so on.

⑦ environmental improver

A drug that improves the water environment in which aquatic animals live. For example, the bottom improver has quicklime and so on.

Second, the factors affecting the effect of drugs.

The occurrence of fish disease is the result of the interaction among fish body, environmental factors and pathogens. Similarly, in the treatment of fish disease, the effect of fish medicine is affected not only by its own performance, but also by environmental factors, pathogens and fish body.

1. Factors affecting the effect of drugs

Physicochemical properties of ① drugs

The physical and chemical properties of drugs are closely related to the action of drugs. Among them, the physical properties that affect the effect of drug use are the volatility, water solubility, liposolubility and adsorption of the drug, and the chemical properties that affect the effect of the drug are the pH, stability, dissociation degree of the drug and the replacement reaction between the drug and metal.

Dosage forms and administration routes of ② drugs

In the treatment of fish disease, each drug will have a minimum effective concentration, and it will only work if it exceeds this concentration, but it does not mean that the efficacy and treatment time can be improved and shortened by increasing the dose of the drug indefinitely, because every drug also has a lethal concentration. For the same kind of fish disease, different dosage forms of fishery drugs play different roles because of their different bioavailability. If the way of administration is different, the absorption rate is different, so the concentration in the body is also different. Therefore, when using fish medicine, we must choose the appropriate fish medicine and administration route according to the type of fish disease, and use it in the effective concentration.

Interaction between ③ drugs

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