Classification and introduction of common varieties of soft-shelled turtle

Classification and introduction of common varieties of soft-shelled turtle

With the improvement of people's living standards and the growth of market demand at home and abroad, soft-shelled turtles have gradually entered the homes of ordinary people from hotels, restaurants and restaurants. Soft-shelled turtle as a nutritious food, its dietotherapy, drug therapy and other functions can meet the needs of different grades of consumers. The needs of the market have stimulated production. China's soft-shelled turtle culture industry has developed rapidly, the scale of turtle culture has been expanding, and the output has increased accordingly. A large number of soft-shelled turtle seedlings are urgently needed in large-scale culture. due to the rapid development, seedling breeding, soft-shelled turtle classification, distribution and basic biology research, soft-shelled turtle seedling cultivation, species identification, disease prevention and control can not meet the needs of production development. Fishermen and businessmen in our province have purchased a lot of soft-shelled turtle seedlings from foreign countries, Taiwan and other provinces in the mainland through different channels. Because of their different sources, these soft-shelled turtle seedlings can not be identified clearly, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false. Some farmers and aquaculture operators have paid a lot of "tuition fees", resulting in varying degrees of losses to production. Therefore, the classification and common species of soft-shelled turtles are studied. Breeding soft-shelled turtle varieties with excellent germplasm is an urgent problem to be solved for the sustainable development of soft-shelled turtle industry.

Classification of soft-shelled turtles

Soft-shelled turtle, commonly known as water fish and ball fish, is a common breeding species in the south of the Yangtze River in China. According to the research of scholars, the classification of soft-shelled turtles in the animal kingdom belongs to reptiles and Trionychidae. There are 7 genera and 24 species of soft-shelled turtles. They are small-headed turtle, pan turtle, round turtle, edge turtle, Chinese ancient turtle (purified stone species) and soft-shelled turtle. There are 3 genera and 5 species in China. They are Trionyx, Trionyx sinensis and Trionyx sinensis.

There are two genera: mackerel and Taihu Lake. It is widely distributed in China-India Peninsula, Indonesia, the Philippines, Irian Island and China's Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan and other places. Taihu lakes are only distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces of China.

Chinese ancient soft-shelled turtle is a fossil species established by Chinese scholars in 1953 based on fossil specimens unearthed in Sichuan Province.

The genus Trionyx has a wide range of species, distributed in Asia, Africa and North America, with a total of 16 species. Two species are produced in China, namely soft-shelled turtle and soft-shelled turtle. Soft-shelled turtles are distributed in other provinces, cities and regions except Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, * and Xizang. The soft-shelled turtle is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other southern provinces.

In the classification of soft-shelled turtles, some scholars in mainland China and Mr. Yu Tingji, a Taiwan scholar, have advocated that the soft-shelled turtles produced in southern China (Yangtze River Basin) and Taiwan Province should be called Chinese soft-shelled turtles, those in the north are called North soft-shelled turtles, and the soft-shelled turtles produced in Yunnan, Guangdong and Hainan are called round soft-shelled turtles, but the morphology of the above three species of soft-shelled turtles are very similar. At present, Yu's view has not been accepted by the majority of fishery scholars, therefore, before the classification and scientific names of the above three species of soft-shelled turtles are sorted out and unified, it is appropriate to unify the Chinese soft-shelled turtles.

Common soft-shelled turtle species

At present, there are many sources of soft-shelled turtles, including Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Malaysia and the United States, in addition to the soft-shelled turtle species originating in mainland China. The common ones in China are as follows:

1. Chinese soft-shelled turtle

Chinese soft-shelled turtle-shaped, nearly round body, relatively thin, dark green body, no black spots, no warts, gray and white abdomen, some soft-shelled turtles are yellow, there are no warts in the neck. The offspring of wild Chinese soft-shelled turtle parents in the rivers, lakes and reservoirs of the Yangtze River system and Pearl River system have better germplasm, faster growth, less diseases, higher population yield and higher economic benefits. The soft-shelled turtle seedlings bred in the soft-shelled turtle farm of Desheng Power Plant and Daliang District in Shunde City are soft-shelled turtles.

2. Thai soft-shelled turtle

There are more Thai soft-shelled turtle seedlings entering our country, there are 4000-50 million soft-shelled turtles every year, and their parents are unknown, so it is appropriate to call Thai soft-shelled turtles temporarily. In production, some Thai soft-shelled turtles are sick and have a high mortality rate. Although their prices are cheap, the negative effects of disease and death in breeding are well known, and seedling buyers must have a clear understanding.

3. Taiwan soft-shelled turtle

According to scholars' research, Taiwanese businessmen make use of the precocious characteristics and mature technology of Taiwan soft-shelled turtles to carry out large-scale artificial reproduction and high-temperature catalysis by time difference, and a large number of soft-shelled turtle seedlings are imported to the mainland for sale, and their growth is similar to that of Thai soft-shelled turtles.

4. Sand turtle

Sand soft-shelled turtle is found in the waters of Hunan, its back is dark green and black, its back is raised, and its abdomen is yellow. the preliminary study may be a hybrid variety or a variation of Chinese soft-shelled turtle. Its individual is small, the growth is slow, the taste of commercial soft-shelled turtle is poor, and it is easy to catch diseases in the process of culture, so it is not suitable to be used as a breeding object.

A few suggestions

1. The breeders should choose the soft-shelled turtle as the breed.

Many years of production practice shows that Chinese soft-shelled turtle is one of the outstanding species of soft-shelled turtle in China, and its germplasm, growth rate, disease resistance, taste and market price are all good, so it is very popular with consumers.

2. Conditional breeding farms and farmers should establish their own soft-shelled turtle breeding bases. Breeding farms should purchase Chinese soft-shelled turtle parents from the Yangtze River system, and breed and cultivate their own seedlings. If they are more than self-sufficient, they can also sell Chinese soft-shelled turtles to other farms or farmers.

3. Carefully distinguish, identify and purchase turtle seedlings

Farmers in the purchase of seedlings, if they are not sure, should consult experienced aquaculture operators or technicians, careful distinction, identification, try not to buy non-Chinese soft-shelled turtle seedlings. Relevant state departments and scientific research institutions should seriously study the parent germplasm and classification of soft-shelled turtles, formulate convenient classification and identification methods, and guide production. Breeders should also seriously study, participate in training, combine theory with practice, constantly improve their own quality, quickly master the method of classification, and be able to purchase pure soft-shelled turtle seedlings and pay less "tuition fees" when purchasing seedlings. Grass-roots aquatic technology promotion departments should also strengthen services to promote the healthy development of the turtle industry.