Key points of high-benefit technical cultivation of soybean

Soybean is one of the most important oil crops in China. Shandong soybean is famous in China. Shandong Province-has a unique advantage of soybean seed breeding, year-round stable production of soybean seed production base. Its improved varieties are exported to most of Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei and other provinces hundreds of counties and cities, known as hybrid beans, become famous brand products in the Yellow and Huaihe River Basin. The high-yield cultivation technique of soybean is one of the important technical measures to obtain high yield. In order to obtain a higher yield level, the combination of improved varieties and methods must be implemented in order to achieve the goal of high yield and bumper harvest. In this paper, the main points of cultivation techniques of improved soybean varieties are briefly described as follows for reference.

1. Sowing at the right time: spring soybean: the area of spring soybean is small, and its sowing is mostly controlled flexibly by stubble and interplanting. Although the daily average temperature is 6-10 ℃, it can germinate slowly; at 18-20 ℃, the seedlings emerge quickly and evenly; at 33-36 ℃, the seedlings emerge quickly, but the seedlings are thin and weak. Therefore, the sowing date of ≥ 18 ℃ is the most suitable. Summer soybean: summer soybean is generally direct seeding after wheat, which can be arranged by planting stubble in various places, and it is suitable for Shandong Province from late May to the first and middle of June. Very early-maturing varieties (the growth period is about 80 days), such as early-maturing No. 1, can be delayed to early July, while mid-late-maturing varieties, such as Ludou 12 and Gaofeng, can be sown no later than June 15. The varieties suitable for maize intercropping and intercropping: the soybean varieties suitable for maize-soybean intercropping must have four characters: early maturity, short stalk, limited podding habit and strong negative tolerance. At present, the varieties that can be planted are Zaoshu No. 1, Zaoshu No. 2, Ludou No. 4, Ludou 11, Qihuang 24, etc., and four new lines, such as Qifeng 918 and 98229, are demonstrated. Interplanting corn / soybean at 1:6 or 8 rows is fine.

Second, reasonable close planting: the planting density should be determined by the variety characteristics of local climate and soil fertility level (production conditions). Early sowing should be sparse, late sowing should be dense; fertile land should be sparse, thin land should be dense; high-yield fields should be sparse; low-yield fields should be dense. The general planting density between early-maturing varieties and late-maturing varieties should be determined by the number of branches, that is, those with more branches, tall plants and high productivity per plant should be sparse (such as Ludou 12, 88-60, Doujiao 44, etc.), and vice versa.

Third, sowing with sufficient moisture: sowing with sufficient moisture is the key to sowing the whole seedling, and it is also an important measure to win the level of high yield. it is strictly forbidden to sow seeds under moisture and irrigate with planting water (masked water).

Fourth, seedling stage management: 1, and time seedlings, it is appropriate to fix seedlings at two-leaf stage in inter-seedling stage. 2. Hoe and weed in time. (chemical weeding is the best way to control weeds) 3. 15-20 kg N, P, K compound fertilizers are applied per mu at seedling stage.

Fifth, early flowering stage management: early flowering stage is an important period of field management, whether the management is proper or not has a great impact on yield. The first measure is to prevent drought. According to the climate of recent years, most years from seedling stage to early flowering stage of soybean are dry, so if drought occurs, it must be watered in time. Especially Ludou 4, Ludou 10 and Zaoshu 1, the drought in the first flower had a great impact on the yield. In some years, the output has been reduced by more than 50%. While Ludou No. 2, Mutant 30, Bean 44 and Gaofeng are better. Secondly, soybean needs a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Although soybean rhizobium has the effect of nitrogen fixation, it still can not meet the high yield level. Therefore, the application of 5-7 kg urea per mu at the early flowering stage is an extremely important technical measure.

6. Mid-term management: (flowering-podding period) in this period, in addition to drought and drainage, it is mainly for the prevention and control of insect pests. To control soybean bridge worm, bean pod borer, soybean heart borer and bean stem black miner. Shandong Province is generally the key control period in late August and early September. It is worth noting that Liriomyza huidobrensis has shown a tendency to spread in recent years. The main harm to soybean stems, branches, petioles, field performance of soybean only flowering without pods, pods are small, seeds are small, no bulging or no seeds, leaves are black and green, the yield is very low, even no yield. But there are great differences among plots and varieties. In other words, the damage degree of different varieties of the same plot is different, and the damage degree of different plots of the same variety is also very different. Chemical control was carried out from 6-leaf stage to early flowering stage and podding stage.

Harvest and preservation: after the soybean harvest, it is necessary to cool the sun on behalf of the plant to prevent the fried waist and fading of the beans. When the moisture content of the seed is less than 12%, it should be threshed in time and stored in a cool sun. Keep soybeans after harvest to prevent rain and mildew, and it is strictly forbidden to knock and thresh on the road.