What are the characteristics of each development stage of soybean?
(1) germination period: it takes 10-15 days for spring soybean and 4-6 days for summer soybean when seeds germinate until seedlings are unearthed. The germination period of soybean mainly needs appropriate temperature and suitable soil moisture, and it is required to do a good job of seed treatment before sowing, improve the quality of soil preparation, master timely sowing, ensure loose soil in the field, prevent excessive soil moisture and poor permeability, and delay seed emergence or even seed rot.
(2) Seedling stage: when the seedlings are unearthed to the flower bud differentiation stage, the daily average temperature is more than 20 ℃ and the soil moisture is 19% and 20%. In cultivation, it is necessary to promote and control the combination, so that the seedling internodes are short, the stems are strong, the leaves are thick, the roots are developed, and the whole seedlings are strong.
(3) Flower bud differentiation period: refers to the flower bud differentiation to the initial flowering stage, which usually lasts 25-30 days, which is the most exuberant period of soybean growth and development, which requires timely supply of nutrients and water, timely tillage combined with topdressing and irrigation to promote root, stem, leaf growth and flower bud differentiation.
(4) flowering period: from the beginning to the end of flowering, which varies from 18 to 40 days due to different varieties. This period is a period of vigorous vegetative growth and reproductive growth, requiring 22-29 ℃ during the day, 18-24 ℃ at night, air relative humidity 74-80% and a large amount of nutrients and moisture, requiring good fertilizer and water supply.
(5) pod filling stage: from the final flowering stage to the yellow leaf stage, when reproductive growth is dominant, nutrients begin to transfer to seeds and pods, which requires strengthening field management in the later stage to prevent pods from falling, shrunken pods and shrunken grains.
(6) maturity: refers to the yellow leaves from the beginning to the mature stage, when the growth of soybean is delayed and finally stops. When the seeds returned to the orchard, the moisture decreased and hardened gradually, resulting in the inherent grain shape and color of the variety.
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Application technology of soybean rhizobium
The use of rhizobium in soybean production is a mature and widely used technology, which can greatly improve the nitrogen fixation ability of soybean during the growing period and supply sufficient nitrogen for soybean production. Soybean rhizobium has two dosage forms: liquid and solid. Solid rhizobium was applied by seed dressing or soil application. Liquid rhizobium was used by soaking seeds. Soybean rhizobium agent can also be added when seed coating, but it should be noted that the coating agent and rhizobium agent should match each other, and the activity of rhizobium should not be inhibited because of the effect of seed coating agent. one
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Key points of high-benefit technical cultivation of soybean
Soybean is one of the most important oil crops in China. Shandong soybean is famous in China. Shandong Province-has a unique advantage of soybean seed breeding, year-round stable production of soybean seed production base. Its improved varieties are exported to most of Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei and other provinces hundreds of counties and cities, known as hybrid beans, become famous brand products in the Yellow and Huaihe River Basin. The high-yield cultivation technique of soybean is one of the important technical measures to obtain high yield. In order to obtain a higher yield level, it is necessary to implement the matching of improved varieties and methods in order to achieve the goal of high yield and bumper harvest.
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