Protected cultivation of vegetable Lycium barbarum

Chinese wolfberry contains 5.8 grams of protein, 1.0 grams of fat, 6.0 grams of sugar, 3.96 milligrams of carotene, 0.23 grams of thiamine, 1.1 milligrams of niacin and 3.0 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams of tender stems and leaves. Regular consumption has health functions such as eyesight, nourishing yin and moistening lungs, improving immune function, anti-aging and so on. Consumers in southern China are used to cooking soup or fried food with tender stems and leaves of Chinese wolfberry, which is in great demand in some cities, with an annual output of about 70,000 tons only in Guangzhou. The protected cultivation of introduced vegetable Lycium barbarum in the north can not only enrich the varieties of vegetables, but also improve the economic benefits of vegetable growers.

There are mainly two varieties of vegetable Chinese wolfberry: fine-leaf Chinese wolfberry and big-leaf Chinese wolfberry. Fine leaf Lycium barbarum leaves ovate-lanceolate, thick mesophyll, strong flavor; big leaf wolfberry leaves ovate, thin mesophyll, light taste, but high yield. Both varieties can be selected in production.

Cutting propagation is often used in the production of Chinese wolfberry. Annual branches should be selected for cutting. Cutting cuttings from the base of branches according to 8-10 cm length, each section should have 3-5 axillary buds, cuttings diameter of about 5 mm is appropriate. Soaking cuttings in 50 mg / kg ATP rooting powder for 24 hours was beneficial to cuttings rooting. In production, it can be cut directly in the cultivation border, or in the seedbed, and then transplanted after rooting. Water thoroughly after cutting, pay attention to build a small arch shed to cover film moisturizing in time. On a sunny day, the sunshade net is covered, the temperature in the bed is kept at 20-25 ℃, and the soil moisture is about 20%. Adventitious roots are formed at the base and middle of the cuttings after 10-15 days, and new buds are sprouted in the upper part. If new buds grow on the cuttings and adventitious roots do not grow in the lower part, it is a fake job. Generally speaking, this phenomenon is easy to occur when the ground temperature is low and the air temperature is high. In production, measures should be taken to increase the ground temperature, reduce the air temperature and maintain the suitable humidity of the cutting bed, so as to promote the cuttings to take root and survive as soon as possible. Under normal conditions, the survival rate of Chinese wolfberry cuttings is generally more than 90%.

Lycium barbarum is suitable for cultivation in all kinds of soil, but fertile sandy loam is more favorable for growth. It is necessary to dig the soil deeply before planting, applying 2000-2500 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer. In the high-efficiency and energy-saving solar greenhouse, it must be made into a north-south flat border with a width of 1.5 meters. Planting row spacing 26 cm, plant spacing 15 cm or plant spacing 20 cm, trench planting, planting depth 6-7 cm. Water thoroughly after planting. In order to put the products on the market before and after the Spring Festival, the planting period should not be later than mid-October.

40-50 days after planting, the new branches can be as long as 20-30 cm. At this time to ploughing, 667 square meters of ammonium sulfate 15 kg, can also be used 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer. Keep the indoor temperature between 15 and 25 ℃ and keep the soil moist. As the outdoor temperature drops, do not pour water, so as not to affect the growth of Chinese wolfberry. After the first harvest, the quick-acting chemical fertilizer was applied every 10-15 days until the last harvest. Expanded chicken manure and other supplementary organic fertilizers can be applied between rows in September every year.

The cultivated products of Lycium barbarum L. for protected vegetables in the north are on the market from mid-December to mid-late May. Mainly pick 15-20 cm tender tip, 667 square meters can produce 2000-2500 kg. After harvesting the shoots, the axillary buds at the base can produce new shoots. Special attention should be paid to leaving 3-6 basal axillary buds during harvest to facilitate the germination of more new branches. In the middle and last ten days of May, when the temperature rises, the branches used for propagation should stop harvesting, and do a good job of maintenance and management to cultivate robust branches in preparation for propagation in the middle and latter ten days of September. The old root of cuttings is still used as the mother plant to produce young shoots of Chinese wolfberry. The tender shoots of Lycium barbarum were produced with old roots in protected land, which were put on the market early and the yield was high. The old root can be used continuously for 2-3 years, and then it should be renewed.

Chinese wolfberry cultivated in protected areas in the north should pay attention to the prevention of diseases and insect pests. When cuttings are introduced from the south, healthy branches free of diseases and insect pests must be selected. Before cutting into cuttings, soak the branches with disinfectant so as not to bring the remaining Chinese wolfberry wood lice and Chinese wolfberry gall mites to the protected ground. It is best not to mix other vegetables in the same solar greenhouse. The environment should be cleaned up before the greenhouse is covered with film to remove weeds and fallen leaves. Fumigation with chlorothalonil fumigant after coating to keep the ecological environment clean. After cuttage and planting, an anti-insect net is set up at the vents of the solar greenhouse. In addition, the management of temperature and humidity in greenhouse should be strengthened to make Chinese wolfberry grow healthily.