Propagation and planting techniques of vegetable Lycium barbarum

Lycium barbarum is a perennial shrub belonging to Lycium barbarum of Solanaceae, which is distributed all over the country. The plant likes light, cold and summer, drought and humidity, the suitable temperature for growth is 15~20℃, the growth is slow at 10℃, and the growth is poor above 25℃. At present, the northern regions of China, such as Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shandong and other places to pick fruit mainly, while the southern regions of China, such as Guangdong, Shanghai and other places for the purpose of vegetables.

Lycium barbarum L. is sweet and bitter in nature and has special flavor. It is not only rich in nutrition, but also has high medicinal value. Every 100g Lycium barbarum L. contains 5.8g protein, 1g fat, 61g sugar, 3.9mg carotene, 3mg vitamin E, 155mg calcium, 67mg phosphorus and 3.4mg iron. When soil fertility and moisture are sufficient, the stems and leaves of Lycium barbarum are fresh and tender, with less fiber and good taste.

Lycium barbarum L. for vegetable mainly has two cultivated varieties: large-leaf Lycium barbarum L. and small-leaf Lycium barbarum L. Lycium barbarum leaves broad, ovate, there is fragrance, taste light sweet and bitter, do not have flavor, almost no thorns; fine leaves Lycium barbarum leaves lanceolate, fragrant, bitter thick, leaf axils have thorns. Most Lycium barbarum varieties planted in Shanghai area are large-leaf Lycium barbarum, which are mostly cultivated annually in protected areas, and a few are planted in perennial cultivation mode in open fields, and can also be used as hedges or riverbank soil fixation.

1 Methods of reproduction

The propagation methods of Lycium barbarum L. include seed propagation, cuttage propagation, subplant propagation: layering propagation and tissue culture propagation, among which seed propagation and cuttage propagation have the advantages of fast speed and high survival rate, and have strong practicability in production.

1.1 Seed propagation will be soaked seeds and wet fine sand mix well, moisture germination, found that half of the seeds can be sown after white. Sowing time should be from March to April, and sowing in protected land can be advanced to February. Before sowing, deep ploughing seedbed and applying sufficient base fertilizer, after ridge construction, shallow furrow drilling is carried out according to the row spacing of about 40cm. When sowing, evenly sprinkle the seeds mixed with fine sand into the ditch, cover the soil and tread, and use film to keep moisture after watering. About 1 week after sowing, wolfberry seedlings will grow out one after another. After emergence, the film should be removed and water should be sprayed to keep moisture. When the seedlings are about 5cm high, the seedlings can be thinned according to the plant spacing of 3-6cm. In the process of thinning seedlings, attention should be paid to pulling out inferior seedlings, pulling out weeds in time, watering and fertilizing.

1.2 Cutting propagation in spring and autumn season, select 1 - 2 years old lignified strong branches on excellent individual trees, cut into cuttings about 10cm long, leaving 2~3 buds, soak their ends in 300mg/L IBA solution for 20min(min), cutting depth is about 1/3-1/2 of cuttings, cutting substrate is 2:1 vegetable garden soil and vermiculite. Before cuttage, it is best to disinfect the substrate first, regardless of container seedling or seedling bed seedling, the substrate thickness should be more than 10cm, in order to facilitate the rooting and long bud of cuttings. After cuttage, water enough, cover with nylon film sealed, 2 weeks after the cuttings began to root long bud. The rooting rate of cuttings treated with rooting agent can reach 100%. About 3 weeks after cuttage, the roots and shoots of Lycium barbarum have grown well and can be transplanted.

2 Cultivation techniques

2.1 Planting Under normal circumstances, wolfberry seedlings and cuttings can be planted in the same year seedlings. The seedling time is longer, the early growth is slower than the cutting seedling, and the seedling can also be planted in the spring of the second year. Lycium barbarum L. for vegetable should be planted in spring or autumn with wide row spacing of 30cm and plant spacing of 10-15cm. Before transplanting, fertilizer should be applied to remove old leaves and dead branches. When transplanting, transplant with soil as much as possible, less damage to the roots, in order to facilitate the survival of seedlings. Under normal circumstances. The survival rate of Lycium barbarum seedlings transplanted with well-developed root system can reach 100%. The cuttage seedlings of Lycium barbarum planted for about 1 month can be harvested and eaten tender leaves and buds.

2.2 Fertilizer and water management The yield and quality of Lycium barbarum L. were greatly affected by fertilizer and water. In production, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened according to the growth characteristics of Lycium barbarum to improve its yield and freshness. The plant needs more fertilizer during its growth period, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be continuously supplemented. In Lycium barbarum seedlings hair new roots, long new shoots to timely thin fertilizer. In addition to fecal water, 0.2% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be sprayed on leaves every 15 days (days). Irrigation should be paid attention to in rainy seasons to keep the soil moist.

2.3 During the growth of Chinese wolfberry seedlings, attention should be paid to timely pest control, disease treatment and weeding. There are few diseases and insect pests of Lycium barbarum in Shanghai area, the main pest is aphid. If aphid occurs seriously, 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution or 50% aphimicarb 2000 times solution can be used for control. Weeds found in Lycium barbarum field should be uprooted in time to avoid weeds competing for nutrients with Lycium barbarum. At the later stage of Lycium barbarum growth, the plants should be cut again to maintain a height of about 50cm. By pruning plants, lateral buds and hidden buds can be forced to germinate, forming clump multi-headed dwarf plants, making tender heads dense on a horizontal plane, easy to pick, and tender stems thick, tender leaves big, good quality.

3 Development and utilization value

3.1 To solve the problem of off-season supply of vegetables, rich varieties of vegetable Lycium barbarum can clear away heat and detoxify, clear liver and improve eyesight, and has the effect of anti-aging. It is a good health vegetable. The production and supply of Lycium barbarum L. can alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand in the market and has positive effects. In the process of adjusting planting structure in suburbs, exploiting and utilizing Lycium barbarum L. with natural flavor is of great significance to increase farmers 'income and promote sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.

3.2 Lycium barbarum L. for vegetable has strong stress resistance and pollution-free. Lycium barbarum L. was originally a wild vegetable with poor resistance and strong stress resistance. There are few pests and diseases in the growth process. Lycium barbarum L. has special fragrance, strong resistance and disease resistance, less pesticide application in production, and has positive effects on producing pollution-free vegetables and green food and ensuring the safety of food for citizens.

3.3 Low planting cost, high output value, simple artificial cultivation management, farmers in front of the house behind the house, riverside or fence planting, without special cultivation, can be harvested for a long time. If it is cultivated in protected areas, it can produce and harvest annually and obtain higher output value.

3.4 Greening courtyard beautification environment Perennial cultivation of wolfberry, in addition to vegetables, but also has a certain ornamental value, wolfberry every year has a longer green leaves, white flowers and red fruit ornamental period, with greening courtyard, beautify the environment effect. In the past, it was often planted in front of the house behind the house, green courtyard, in recent years there are residents will be Chinese wolfberry bonsai planted on the balcony, both vegetables and can be viewed, can be said to kill two birds with one stone.