Cultivation techniques of vegetable Lycium barbarum

First, the selection of garden plot and variety: garden selection: Chinese wolfberry is resistant to barren, salt and alkali, strong drought tolerance, wide adaptability, and can be established in all kinds of soil types. However, as a vegetable cultivation, it is mainly to harvest the stems and leaves with good tenderness, and requires a higher yield (3000kg/ mu). Therefore, the construction of the garden requires the selection of sandy land with rich soil organic matter, deep soil layer, fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation. To build an orchard in intercropping or barren soil, it is necessary to deep turn the soil and increase the application of organic fertilizer, which is generally required to apply 4 tons of rotten organic fertilizer or pig manure per mu. In addition, when using the vegetable garden to build a garden, it is best to stagger with the previous crops of Solanaceae, so as to reduce the main harm of diseases and insect pests of the same family.

Variety selection: from the ecological point of view of suitable land and suitable planting, we should try to select varieties with strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, the general local wild varieties are the best, or domesticated vegetable varieties are introduced directly from areas with similar climate. From the quality of vegetables, it is required that the varieties with vigorous growth have good tenderness of buds and high yield. It is not suitable to introduce fruit varieties or buy seedlings bred with seeds in northern producing areas.

Second, cultivation mode: the commonly used cultivation models are: dense planting and high-yield cultivation and orchard intercropping are the most common. Among them, close planting is divided into open close planting and protected close planting. The density of dense planting is 15-20cm-20-40cm, about 20, 000 seedlings per mu, the density of protected cultivation can also be increased, it can be cultivated in small shed or greenhouse, generally from mid-December to early February, and the period on the market is half to a month earlier than that of open land, and buds can be picked and listed in the off-season of Spring Festival at the earliest. The earlier the market, the higher the price and the better the benefit. Generally cultivated in open field, buds can be picked in the same year, and the annual buds are picked for 12 times. The yield per mu is above 3000kg. According to the current market price, the output value is about 8000Mel 10000 yuan.

Orchard intercropping: mainly on both sides of the fruit tree planting belt, with striped multi-row planting with a density of 20-30cm, 8000 seedlings are planted per mu, the yield of intercropping can reach 800kg/ mu in the same year, and the yield of the next year can reach 1500kg. In addition, one season of green manure can be harvested every year in June and December or the stems and leaves can be dried as animal feed, and the pruning of winter stems can be used as a backfill for winter application of base fertilizer in orchards.

Third, planting period and methods: planting period: in our province and the area south of the Yangtze River, it is best to choose autumn planting to build a garden from September to October, and autumn planting can restore the roots in the same year, which is beneficial to pick buds early and improve efficiency.

Planting method: the main root should be truncated, the lateral root and fibrous root should be trimmed properly, and the seedling trunk should be cut short by 10-20cm, which can effectively improve the survival rate of seedlings. The planting depth can bury the root neck into the soil with 1-2cm, which is beneficial to promote the germination of adventitious buds in the root neck, form a picking belt, and increase the early yield.

Fourth, picking and listing: in Wuhan, Chinese wolfberry begins to sprout in mid-February, the first batch of sprouts can be picked in early March, and then it can be harvested every half a month or so. With the increase in temperature, the picking cycle is shortened to 10 days, with the fastest growth from mid-April to late May. Spring output accounts for more than 60% of the annual output. The length of picking in early spring is the tender stem or bud leaf of 10-20cm in the upper part of stem tip. After June, the growth begins to slow down, and the bud shoot becomes thinner, and most of them are secondary shoots. The picking length is 10-15cm, and picking should be carried out in batches and in time. After harvest, it can be listed on the market by 100m / 200g or in a paper bag.

Fifth, pruning techniques: the thick cortex of the thick branches and root neck of Chinese wolfberry is easy to sprout overgrown shoots, these basic branches are fat and have good tenderness, and they are high-quality sprouts. Therefore, after each picking, the trunk should be pressed and retracted to the part of 5-10cm on the root neck, which is conducive to promoting the germination of basal buds and increasing the yield of high-quality sprouts. When pruning, it should not be finished at one time during the growing period, in order to ensure the supply of photosynthetic nutrients on the leaf surface of root growth, and can be picked at intervals or staggered retractions, basically ensuring that the picking surface can be in 20-30cm. In July, the shoot of the whole garden should grow, which is beneficial to the safety of Lycium barbarum plants in summer. In late August, a bare flat cut can be carried out in the whole garden in order to promote the growth of autumn sprouts. The sun-dried branches and leaves after pruning can be used as feed or directly as green manure in orchards. When the leaves fall from December to January, the branches are re-pruned and dried as organic fillers for applying base fertilizer in orchards in winter.

6. Fertilizer and water management: seedlings can survive after half a month of planting and begin to sprout and shoot. At this time, you can apply fertilizer and water lightly, apply urea 5kg per mu, apply nitrogen fertilizer again every half a month or so, apply urea 5kg or ammonium phosphate 10kg per mu, and re-apply organic fertilizer before defoliation in mid-late October, and apply cake fertilizer 300kg (or pig manure 2000kg) + phosphate fertilizer 40-50kg per mu as base fertilizer. Half a month before sprouting in spring, urea 10kg was applied per mu to accelerate germination. After each picking, loosen the soil in time, apply ammonium phosphate or urea 5-10kg per mu, and irrigate the garden according to the weather conditions. When weeding and ploughing in the garden, the roots should be cultivated in time to promote the occurrence of adventitious buds and produce fat and tender basal shoots. During the summer drought period from July to August, it is necessary to irrigate in time to fight drought.

Seventh, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: the most common pests of vegetable Lycium barbarum are aphids, gall mites, negative mud insects, the disease is mainly anthracnose, generally mild.

Lycium barbarum negative mud beetle: also known as ten-point leaf beetle, belongs to the leaf beetle family. Adults and larvae gnawed on the leaves and sometimes ate up the young leaves or even the whole tree leaves, which seriously affected the plant growth and yield.

Control methods: ① 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times spray on the ground to kill adults; ② 20% permethrin 20003000 times or 2.5% trichlorfon 3000 times spray; ③ with 40% dimethoate 1000 times or 90% trichlorfon 500 times 1000 times dilution.

Lycium barbarum gall mite: Chinese wolfberry gall mite is a serious mite pest, which mainly harms the leaves and tender branches of Lycium barbarum by oral needle aspiration, stimulates the cell proliferation of the injured parts, and forms vesicular tumor galls, and mites parasitize, reproduce and harm in the tumor galls. Seriously affect the quality of leaves and the appearance of goods.

Prevention and control methods: the optimal period for prevention and control is before sprouting in spring, which can be disinfected with 45Mel 50% sulfur suspension 300x diluent or 3-5Bedo stone sulfur mixture, and can also treat other mites; the seriously harmful branches will be cleared out of the garden in autumn and winter and centrally burned; 40% dimethoate 1000 times diluent can be sprayed during the occurrence of insect pests.