Cultivation techniques of Lycium barbarum L.

First, big-leaf wolfberry has a strong adaptability to the environment, and can be cultivated in both the north and south of our country. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-25 ℃, which is mainly cultivated in autumn and winter in South China. When the temperature is above 25 ℃, the growth is poor, and the leaves fall quickly, and then germinate and grow again in autumn. However, in North China, it can still grow in the high temperature and rainy season of more than 30 ℃ in summer, and it is also very resistant to cold. After the aboveground branches fall in late autumn and early winter, although the temperature in winter sometimes drops below-10 ℃, it can still germinate and grow in the next spring. Chinese wolfberry is also shady and grows best in calcareous soil.

Second, the method of propagation is to use seeds, branches and stems or split roots to propagate, and stem insertion is the easiest way to propagate.

The main results are as follows: 1. Cutting propagation is carried out in South China from August to September. Branches in the Yangtze River Basin and North China can be cut in autumn and winter or stored in sand to be cut in spring, or cut directly in the field when the old plants have not germinated in March, or concentrated in the nursery, and then transplanted to the field after germination and rooting. Cuttings should choose sturdy branches on the plant, cut off the thin part at the top, truncate upward from the lower end of the branch, each section is about 15 cm long, with three to five buds, and the base is obliquely truncated, and then cut flat the incision to the upper end, so that it will not be inverted when planting, generally, four to five cuttings can be intercepted from each mother branch. When cutting, one end of the oblique mouth is obliquely inserted into the soil, and the row spacing of the planting plants in the field is about 12 cm × 20 cm 30 cm. The soil moisture is maintained after cutting. after cutting in the open field in spring in the north, it should be covered with plastic film, and the new roots and shoots should be removed after growing. In the north of China, close planting in protected areas can also be used in winter and spring to promote the growth of young shoots and appear on the market earlier.

2. Split-root propagation in northern China, the seedlings germinated near the mother plant can be dug up and planted in the ditch in November or the middle of March next year, and planted in the first ten days of April. 3 seedlings are planted in each hole with a row spacing of 40 cm × 50 cm. After planting, the cave soil will be firm, and enough water will be filled.

3. Seed propagation big-leaf wolfberry rarely blossoms and bears fruit in South China, blossoms one after another in summer in North China, and the seeds mature in autumn. After harvest, the fruit is dried and stored in a dry and cool room. The fruit is mashed in the middle of February of the following year. Rinse the pericarp with water to select seeds, add twice as fine sand to mix, pile indoors, often turn and keep moist. Sow seeds in the seedbed in late March, and the seedbed should choose a place that is leeward and sunny. The bed soil should be leveled and raked fine, combined with raking, mix well with 2.50% trichlorfon and sprinkle it into the soil, and then rake into the soil to control underground pests.

Water should be irrigated before sowing, and when the soil moisture is suitable, the vertical ditch is 2cm deep according to the row spacing of 20cm. The seeds mixed with fine sand are evenly scattered into the ditch and covered with fine soil 1cm 1.50cm. Then cover with plastic film to keep warm and moisturizing. The seedlings emerged in about 7-10 days. After the seedlings came out, the mulch was removed, and the seedlings were properly interspersed, and the seedling fertilizer was applied lightly. The seedlings were dug up before frost, planted in the sunny border, and planted in the next spring. It can also be covered with soil before winter and spend the winter in the open field.

III. Field management

1. The management of fertilizer and water big-leaf Lycium barbarum needs a lot of fertilizer, so it is necessary to choose fertile loam rich in organic matter. Apply sufficient organic fertilizer as base fertilizer before planting, generally apply 5 cubic meters of rotten manure per mu and 50 kg of compound fertilizer before planting. During the harvest period, quick-acting chemical fertilizer can be applied to promote the germination and growth of new shoots and leaves, and mature animal manure should be applied before winter. Water should be irrigated during drought, ploughing and weeding in time, drainage should be paid attention to in rainy days, and anti-freezing water should be watered 1 or 2 times before winter.

2. After the cuttage propagation seedlings take root, new silks occur. Three to five robust shoots are selected and the surplus shoots are picked.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in early spring in North China, when new shoots grow, beetles often occur and bite new leaves, which seriously affect the growth of big-leaf wolfberry. In spring, insecticides should be sprayed when Chinese wolfberry sprouts to strictly prevent pests from spawning on their teeth. Spray once every 7-10 days, spray 3-4 times in a row. Chinese wolfberry rarely occurs. If diseases such as bacterial wilt occur, 50% carbendazim 500 times or 70% chlorothalonil 800 times can be used for prevention and control.

4. Big-leaf Chinese wolfberry is harvested many times with tender stems and leaves. In warm season, it can be harvested at 50-60 days after planting and when the plant height is about 50 cm. The first harvest left stubble about 20 cm cut, the product length of about 20 cm 30 cm, tied into a small handful on the market. Harvested many times. Stop harvesting in the high temperature season, let the branches grow and enrich, and then cut and propagate in September. In North China, according to the needs of the market, when the plant height is about 20 cm in spring, the tender tip will be on the market from spring to autumn. One plant can be harvested for many years. The plants that are no longer harvested after picking shoots in summer will blossom and bear fruit and can be harvested when the fruit is ripe and red at the end of autumn.