Control of common diseases and insect pests of Lentinus edodes

In the process of Lentinus edodes production, it is often harmed by diseases and pests. If the prevention and control is unfavorable, it will make the cultivation of Lentinus edodes fall into a vicious circle. If it is light, it will reduce the yield, and if it is serious, the cultivation will fail. Therefore, great attention must be paid to it.

1. Trichoderma

Trichoderma, also known as green mold, is widely distributed in a variety of plant residues, soil and air. Trichoderma spreads by spores and invades the culture medium with the aid of airflow, water droplets, insects, raw materials, tools, hands and clothes of operators, and germinates and propagates as soon as the conditions are suitable. When the production environment is not clean, the culture material is not sterilized thoroughly, the inoculation operation is not strict, and it is in the condition of high temperature and high humidity, it creates a good opportunity for Trichoderma infection, especially the mushroom farm and old mushroom house for many years, which is often the place where Trichoderma is rampant.

Among all the miscellaneous bacteria harmful to the growth of Lentinus edodes, Trichoderma is the greatest threat. Trichoderma has strong adaptability and fast reproduction. It can secrete toxins and inhibit the mycelium growth of Lentinus edodes. Trichoderma can grow on the mycelium of Lentinus edodes, which makes the tissue cells of Lentinus edodes dissolve and die.

Trichoderma could grow in the range of 4-42 ℃, and the spores germinated in a high-humidity environment. When the spores invaded the culture medium of Lentinus edodes, it was white cotton in the initial stage and turned green in the later stage. If the strain is harmed by Trichoderma, it must be scrapped, even the mildly susceptible strain should not hesitate to abandon.

Trichoderma so far there is no ideal radical drug, commonly used fungicides, only inhibit Trichoderma, rather than kill, increase the dose, can only kill Trichoderma and Lentinus edodes mycelium at the same time. Therefore, to create an ecological environment suitable for mycelium growth of Lentinus edodes and not conducive to Trichoderma reproduction is the fundamental measure to control the harm.

Once the damage of Trichoderma occurs, it is necessary to immediately ventilate and reduce humidity in order to inhibit the expansion of Trichoderma. After the culture material in the germ stage is infected, the method of injection can be used to inhibit the expansion of Trichoderma. The commonly used solution has 5% carbendazim, 2% formaldehyde, 50% carbendazim, 75% methyl thiophanate, and lime water with a pH value of 10. In addition, sprinkling white ash to the contaminated place has a good control effect.

Alternaria alternata

Alternaria was fluffy, white or gray at the initial stage of growth, and pink and yellow at the later stage of growth. When a large number of conidia are integrated, the appearance is similar to that of hericium Erinaceus. Streptomyces is mainly caused by conidia and is the most important miscellaneous bacteria in high temperature season. The mycelium of Streptomyces is tenacious and powerful and has the characteristic of rapid propagation. once it occurs, it will be wiped out, and the result will be scrapped in batches of bacteria, culture bags or culture blocks.

In order to control Alternaria, we should try our best to avoid production in high temperature season. The temperature of Lentinus edodes should be controlled below 20 ℃, so that the growth of Alternaria alternata is slow and the pollution can be reduced. The humidity of Lentinus edodes is helpful to the occurrence of Alternaria, so controlling the humidity of the place can effectively prevent the occurrence of Alternaria. The drug control of Streptomyces can refer to the control of Trichoderma. If Alternaria is found in the bag production, diesel oil should be dripped on the conidium to prevent the spread of Alternaria. If the bacterial bag is damaged in the later stage, it should not be scrapped lightly. The damaged bacterial bag can be buried in the soil with a depth of 30 mi 40 cm and poor ventilation. After 10 mi 20 days of anoxic treatment, the disease can be effectively reduced, and the bag can still produce mushrooms.

3. Mucor

Mucor, also known as black mold, long Mucor, the hyphae is white at the initial stage, and then grayish white to black, indicating that a large number of sporangia mature. The bacteria are found everywhere in soil, feces, grasses and air. The incidence is high under the conditions of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation. The growth rate of Mucor mycelium was significantly higher than that of Lentinus edodes mycelium, and the mycelium of Mucor could extend about 3 cm per day.

During the mycelium culture of Lentinus edodes, Mucor spreads quickly and can be covered with matrix within a few days, while the injured mycelium of Lentinus edodes grows slowly and walks difficultly, although it can still reach all parts of the substrate, but the mycelium of Lentinus edodes is not normal thick white, but grayish yellow.

The main reasons for the occurrence are the use of moldy raw materials in the substrate, the inoculation environment containing many Mucor spores, mycelium culture in the humid environment and so on. The method of control is the same as that of Trichoderma.

IV. Mites

Mites include red spiders and fungus lice. The occurrence environment is mainly hidden in barnyard manure, feed and culture materials, chicken sheds, grain warehouses or places with poor environmental conditions and rich in humus, there are often a large number of mites. Mites are very small and are often ignored at the initial stage of occurrence. Once they break out, they can easily lead to catastrophes. Mites may cause damage in all stages of Lentinus edodes production, feeding on mycelium and fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes.

After the mite damage occurred in the culture medium, the mycelium in the inoculation site did not germinate or the appearance of the hyphae was sparse and dim after germination, and gradually shrunk. In serious cases, all the hyphae in the culture material would be eaten up, resulting in cultivation failure.

Improving the environmental hygiene of bacteria culture places can effectively put an end to the occurrence of mites. For the culture room where mite damage occurs, fumigate and kill mites with dichlorvos and other drugs before re-use. During mycelial culture, triclofenac or propargite with 1000 times solution could be sprayed. Drugs should not be used during fruiting body cultivation, otherwise the mushroom body is prone to drug damage, which is harmful to human health after consumption.