Prevention and control of common diseases and insect pests of Pleurotus geesteranus
Xiuzhen Pleurotus ostreatus (also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus) gets its name because of its beautiful shape and delicacy. Xiuzhen mushroom has delicate texture, low fiber content, good taste, delicious taste and rich nutrition. Its protein content is higher than that of mushrooms, Lentinus edodes and straw mushrooms, which is 3 to 6 times higher than that of ordinary vegetables. It contains 17 kinds of amino acids, and it also contains threonine, lysine and high amino acid that the human body cannot produce. It is a kind of fungus food with high nutrition and low heat energy. Long-term consumption has the function of lowering blood pressure and cholesterol. It is the most popular new mushroom species in the market.
1. Prevention of diseases and insect pests of Xiuzhen mushroom
1. Environment: the mushroom room and bed frame should be sterilized and insecticidal in advance, and the work of heat preservation, moisture preservation, ventilation and ventilation should be done as far as possible during mushroom planting.
2. Raw materials: the quality of culture materials should meet the requirements. Rain-drenched, moldy and fermented raw materials should not be used. When dealing with raw materials, it is necessary to master the pH value of the culture materials.
3, management: in the daily management work should be careful, more inspection, diligent observation, timely detection of diseases and insect pests, and eliminate it in the initial stage.
2. Control of main miscellaneous bacteria of Pleurotus ostreatus
1. Mold. The mold grows on the surface of the culture material and competes with Xiuzhen mushroom for nutrition and water, and some even secrete substances that hinder the growth of Xiuzhen mushroom. The development of mold is caused by high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation in the mushroom room. therefore, the mushroom room should pay attention to ventilation, adjust the temperature and humidity in the room, and keep the air fresh. Once mold is produced, tweezers can be used to remove the culture material with mold, or lime powder can be sprinkled thinly on the mold to kill the mold.
2. Umbrella vulgaris. When the quality of the culture material is poor, the pH value is on the high side, the ventilation is poor, and the humidity is on the high side, it is easy to produce Umbrella vulgaris. So we should immediately aim at the above reasons, strengthen the prevention. Should be removed as soon as it occurs.
Control of main insect pests of Pleurotus ostreatus
1. Mushroom fly. The main damage to Xiuzhen mushroom is its larvae-@ # @ 261 larvae @. Maggots first invade the stalk, and then gradually transfer to the cap, eating the fruiting body into numerous small holes. When maggots occur, you can appropriately stop water and dry the bed, so that the fines die due to lack of water. For adults, you can use monosodium glutamate 5 grams, sugar 25 grams, dichlorvos 0.25ml, water 1000 ml mixed and killed.
2. Mites. Most mites feed on hyphae and do great harm. If it is found that mites can be killed with triclofenac less than 1 ∶ 1000 times or 1 ∶ solution spray.
IV. Harvesting and preservation
The sign of fruit body maturity is that the cap is long to 2-3cm, the edge of the cap is rolled up, the spores have not yet been ejected and harvested, Xiuzhen mushrooms are mostly clumps, and the whole cluster must be collected. After harvest, the fresh mushrooms should be sorted out in time, the sundries on the stalks should be removed, and part of the stalks should be cut off according to the commodity requirements to detect the damaged and infected fruiting bodies.
Xiuzhen mushroom can be stored by simple packaging, cold storage, low temperature controlled atmosphere storage and so on. Among them, the simple packaging mainly uses plastic food boxes for packaging, which is simple and easy, and the cost is low. This method is used for short-term fresh-keeping needs, combined with cold storage, generally can keep 10 days without deterioration, the appearance is basically unchanged.
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Simple methods for Prevention and Control of eight kinds of Diseases and insect pests of Edible Fungi
There are more than 20 kinds of edible mushrooms cultivated in China, such as mushroom, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, black fungus, wrinkled global cover mushroom, slippery mushroom, pine mushroom and so on. In recent years, the cultivation of edible fungi is even more gratifying, but according to the growers, edible fungus diseases and insect pests often occur, resulting in varying degrees of losses. This paper introduces the simple methods of prevention and control of eight kinds of diseases and insect pests. First, brown rot, also known as white rot, vesicle disease, mainly harms the fruiting bodies of straw mushrooms and mushrooms. If the covered soil is contaminated, spray 50% carbendazim or 70% carbendazim on the covered soil
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In the process of Lentinus edodes production, it is often harmed by diseases and pests. If the prevention and control is unfavorable, it will make the cultivation of Lentinus edodes fall into a vicious circle. If it is light, it will reduce the yield, and if it is serious, the cultivation will fail. Therefore, great attention must be paid to it. Trichoderma, also known as green mold, is widely distributed in a variety of plant residues, soil and air. Trichoderma spreads by spores and invades the culture medium with the aid of airflow, water droplets, insects, raw materials, tools, hands and clothes of operators, and germinates and propagates as soon as the conditions are suitable. When the production environment is not clean and the culture material
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