Simple methods for Prevention and Control of eight kinds of Diseases and insect pests of Edible Fungi

There are more than 20 kinds of edible mushrooms cultivated in China, such as mushroom, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, black fungus, wrinkled global cover mushroom, slippery mushroom, pine mushroom and so on. In recent years, the cultivation of edible fungi is even more gratifying, but according to the growers, edible fungus diseases and insect pests often occur, resulting in varying degrees of losses. This paper introduces the simple methods of prevention and control of eight kinds of diseases and insect pests.

First, brown rot, also known as white rot, vesicle disease, mainly harms the fruiting bodies of straw mushrooms and mushrooms. If the covered soil is contaminated, spraying 50% carbendazim or 70% methyl topiramate 500 times solution can kill bacterial spores. Immediately stop spraying water when the disease occurs, increase the ventilation of the mushroom room, and reduce the room temperature to 15 ℃; the disease area can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500x solution, or 1% 2% formaldehyde solution can be sterilized. When the disease is serious, the original covering soil can be removed, the new soil can be replaced, the diseased mushroom will be burned, and the tools used can be disinfected with 4% formaldehyde solution.

Second, green mold mainly harms Lentinus edodes, black fungus, Tremella fuciformis, mushrooms and so on. When you get sick for the first time, you can wipe the material surface with lime water with a pH value of 10. When green mold appears on the fungus block, it should be scrubbed with 800 times carbendazim solution in time.

Third, mushroom flies mainly harm mushrooms. When mushroom flies occur before mushroom emergence, 1000 times of dichlorvos solution can be sprayed, or 0.1% ivy solution can be used to spray 2 times or 3 times when there are no mushrooms in the mushroom bed; after mushroom emergence, only pyrethroid can be sprayed, or pyrethroid solution can be killed (this method is also suitable for killing maggots).

Fourth, bacterial mites, also known as bacterial lice, mainly harm Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula and so on. The insect body is very small, not visible to the naked eye, mostly concentrated on the material surface or soil particles, showing brown color. When it occurs, it can be sprayed with 500 ml 0.5% dichlorvos solution per square meter for prevention and control. Fungus mites on black ear wood can be sprayed with 800 times of 20% wettable acaricide alum.

Slugs, also known as water slugs and slugs, mainly harm Lentinus edodes, Tremella fuciformis, Pleurotus ostreatus, black fungus, mushrooms and so on. Most of them are latent during the day and bite the fruiting body at night, which will affect the yield of edible fungi. Slugs can be sprayed with water in the evening, or potassium permanganate solution can be sprayed on their crawling routes. You can also spray 5% salt water at slug activity, or sprinkle lime powder every 3 to 4 days.

Sixth, nematode nematode is a colorless small worm, very small, about 1 mm long, mainly harmful to mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, black fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on. You can spray Auricularia auricula with 1% lime water supernatant or 5% salt water solution from spring, and sprinkle lime powder on the ground. If nematodes are found locally, the culture materials around them should be dug up and sprayed with 0.1% potassium iodide solution.

7. Jumping insects are also called tobacco ash worms, the adults are gray or purple, and the nymphs are white, which can harm the hyphae and fruiting bodies of many kinds of edible fungi. They multiply quickly under high temperature and humidity conditions, and can produce 5-7 generations a year. It mainly harms Lentinus edodes, black fungus, mushroom, Tremella and so on. During the control, the mushroom bed before feeding and the material surface after feeding can be sprayed with 1000 times solution of dichlorvos or 50% phoxim solution to kill insects. When there are no mushrooms on the bed, 0.2% dimethoate emulsion can be sprayed, or 0.4% trichlorfon or dichlorvos 1000 times solution plus a small amount of honey. When jumping insects occur after mushrooms appear on the bed, they can be killed with 2.5% fish rattan essence EC or 20% pyrethrum vinegar 800 / 1000 times.

8. The pseudowalker is commonly known as the black shell bug. Its larvae are called fish insects, which mainly harm Auricularia auricula. When it occurs from March to May, 80% dichlorvos can be used to spray the ear field and its surrounding ground. Spray 500 times 800 times of fish rattan essence every 10 days before harvest, or after each ear harvest.