Pollution-free treatment of Diseases and insect pests of Edible Fungi

I. Ecological governance

The suitable degree of environmental conditions is the most important inducing factor for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of edible fungi. According to the biological characteristics of cultivated edible fungi, the best cultivation environment is selected, and the management method in accordance with physiological characteristics is adopted in cultivation management, which is the most basic management technology for pest control. The ability of disease and insect resistance can be enhanced by selecting bacteria with strong resistance to diseases and insect pests and increasing the amount of sowing properly.

1. Pay attention to environmental hygiene

Improving environmental sanitation is not only one of the important means to effectively control a variety of pests, but also the basis for the success of other control technologies. Do a good job in daily cleaning and sanitation, burn or bury wastes and pollutants in time; clean up weeds, stagnant water and various organic residues in the surrounding environment in time to avoid the breeding of diseases and pests; avoid the use of unclean sewage; control the flow of personnel in the cultivation site. In addition, the mushroom farm should be thoroughly cleaned at the end of each season.

two。 Scientific design of cultivation field

In order to create an environment conducive to edible fungi and not conducive to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, infected areas such as raw material depots, batching plants and fertilizer accumulation sites are generally isolated from easy-to-dye areas such as bacteria room, inoculation room, culture room, mushroom shed, etc. prevent materials, personnel and wastes from moving from contaminated areas to easy-to-dye areas. Therefore, the culture room should be separated from the mushroom farm and mushroom shed to reduce the pollution during the culture period.

II. Physical prevention and control

Diseases and insect pests have their own physiological characteristics and living habits. Making use of these characteristics of various fungi and insects harmful to edible fungi, physical and non-pesticide control can also achieve satisfactory results.

1. Ingredients should be prudent and reasonable.

Select fresh, non-deteriorating raw materials; do not add polysaccharides and grain nutrients when blending, and require weak alkalinity when mixing. Strict sterilization operation to avoid batch pollution caused by incomplete sterilization.

two。 Improve the facilities of mushroom farm and reduce the intervention of mosquitoes and flies

The doors and windows of the mushroom farm should be equipped with anti-insect nets, screen windows, etc., and close the door in and out of the mushroom room to prevent adults of flies and mosquitoes from flying into and laying eggs.

3. Choose the appropriate temperature and humidity

Selecting appropriate temperature and humidity can promote the growth and development of mycelium. During the period of mycelium growth, too large or too high temperature difference is not conducive to mycelium growth. For example, the characteristic of Alternaria is that it likes the ecological environment of high temperature and humidity, the cultivation environment is controlled below 70% humidity and the temperature is below 22 ℃, Alternaria can be quickly inhibited, while the growth of many edible mycelium is not affected, which is also a good method of pollution-free treatment.

4. Control according to the physiological characteristics of some pests

Taking advantage of the phototaxis of some insect pests, light can be used to trap and kill at night. Taking advantage of pests' special taste for food and smell, some foods can be mixed with drugs for trapping and killing.

III. Biological control

Biological control is a method to control diseases and insect pests by using some beneficial organisms to kill or inhibit pests or harmful bacteria, so as to protect the normal growth of cultivated edible fungi (or crops).

There are three main types of biological control of edible fungus diseases and insect pests.

1. Predation in nature, some animals or insects can feed on certain pests, and the former is usually referred to as the natural enemy of the latter. The existence of natural enemies naturally depresses the population number of pests (population density). For example, spiders prey on mosquitoes and flies. Spiders are the natural enemies of mosquitoes and flies. For the control of mushroom pests, double gamasid mites can prey on nematodes, while parasitoid mites and narrow plant mites have a wide range of feeding habits, such as sharp-eyed mosquitoes, gall mosquitoes and small rod nematodes.

two。 Antagonism is due to the mutual restriction between different microorganisms; resistance to each other leads to a phenomenon that microorganisms inhibit the growth and reproduction of another kind of microorganisms, which is called antagonism. The use of antagonism can prevent and inhibit a variety of harmful bacteria. In the production of edible fungi, the selection of excellent strains with strong mildew resistance is an example of the use of antagonism.

3. The occupation cultivation practice showed that most of the miscellaneous bacteria were more likely to infect the uninoculated culture materials, including compost, wood segment, substitute medium and so on. However, when the mycelia of edible fungi are all over the noodles, or even completely "eat", miscellaneous bacteria are more difficult to occur. Therefore, in the production of strains and the cultivation of edible fungi, the method of appropriately increasing the amount of inoculation is often used to let the strains occupy the culture material as soon as possible in order to achieve the purpose of reducing pollution. This is an example of the use of occupation to inhibit miscellaneous bacteria.