Control techniques of Edible Fungi Diseases and insect pests
The environmental conditions for the growth and development of edible fungi are often suitable for the growth of all kinds of diseases and insects. In the cultivation practice of edible fungi, chemical control alone can not solve the problem, and comprehensive control measures based on control must be adopted to control diseases and insect pests before the outcrop.
1. Cultivation and control. Advanced cultivation measures should be adopted and scientific management should be carried out to meet the temperature, humidity, nutrition, air and light requirements of edible fungi as far as possible. During the effective cultivation period, strive to send out early, fully and well the hyphae, so as to lay a solid foundation for early emergence and growth of mushrooms. After mushroom production, the temperature, humidity and qi should be adjusted, and the management centered on strong mushroom should be carried out to achieve the purpose of reducing the harm of diseases and insect pests.
2. Chemical control. ① does a good job in environmental hygiene. The cultivation site should be far away from the transmission sources of diseases and insect pests, such as warehouse, feed room, chicken shed and so on. In addition to rinsing with clean water, the cultivation site should also be sprayed on the four walls and the ground with 10% concentration of lime water. The day before inoculation, doors and windows were closed, fumigated with 40% formaldehyde, and 0.5% dichlorvos solution was sprayed around the outer wall of the culture room. ② bedstead and utensils were sterilized with drugs. The bedstead and utensils for cultivating edible fungi should be strictly disinfected with drugs. It can be washed with 1% potassium permanganate solution or sprayed with 3% Murray 4% carbonic acid solution. ③ culture medium was disinfected. When cultivated with raw materials, 0.3% carbendazim can inhibit mold. The stacking site is first washed with water, and then sprayed with 0.5% dichlorvos solution or 3% Murray 4% stone carbonic acid solution to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Disinfect thoroughly after ④ mushroom harvesting. After the cultivation of edible fungi, the mushroom house, mushroom bed and other utensils should be thoroughly disinfected. In addition to drug disinfection, it can be washed with 70 ℃ lukewarm water to kill fungi, nematodes, mites and other diseases and insects.
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Chemical Control techniques of Edible Fungi Diseases and insect pests
Pests are not only the direct invaders of edible fungi, but also the important vectors of pathogens. Therefore, disease prevention and disinfestation should be carried out at the same time. On the basis of taking all preventive measures, some chemicals with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue should be properly selected to control the disease and insect pests to the minimum. The commonly used chemicals are as follows: A1. The rice straw used in lime cultivation of mushrooms, straw mushrooms and bottle mushrooms can be adjusted with 1%-2% lime water to show a slightly alkaline reaction, which is beneficial to disease prevention and promotes the growth of mycelium.
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Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of edible fungi
The main results are as follows: 1. Mushroom fly larvae, also known as maggots, mainly feed on the fruiting body to cause tunnels and affect the quality, and the resulting wound is also easy to be infected and rotted by bacteria. Different methods should be used to control mushroom flies in different periods. There are a large number of maggots in front of this mushroom, which can be fumigated with dichlorvos at the amount of 0.90 kg / 100 square meters, while 0.15 kg of 1% potassium chloride or sodium chloride solution is sprayed on each culture block (which can be replaced by 5% salt water). After mushroom, maggots can be sprayed with low-toxic pesticides such as fish rattan essence, pyrethroid, nicotine and so on. (nicotine can
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