Control of Diseases and insect pests of Pleurotus ostreatus

In Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation; pests and diseases are obstacles. Understanding and timely prevention are of great significance to normal production.

Discovered diseases and insect pests; if not taken measures in time, will seriously affect the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, sometimes resulting in failure to harvest. Therefore, we should select excellent and highly resistant strains, strengthen scientific management, create environmental conditions conducive to the growth of mushrooms but not conducive to the propagation of diseases and insect pests, and prevent problems before they occur. Some common pest control methods are described below:

1. diseases

There are two common types of disease:

(1) In the process of cultivation, environmental conditions and management methods are inappropriate; abnormal physiological activities are caused. We call it a physiological disease.

Hyphae overgrowth: aerial hyphae dense hyphae surface layer, affecting the fruiting. The main reason for hypha overgrowth is high air humidity and poor ventilation. Prevention measures, strengthen ventilation, reduce humidity can be.

Pleurotus ostreatus big foot mushroom: fruiting body cap is very small, stipe thick long. This is mainly caused by hypoxia and poor ventilation. As long as strengthen ventilation, pay attention to light can prevent.

Pleurotus ostreatus withers: mushroom bud or fruiting body growth stagnates, gradually withers, becomes dry and dies, decays. The main causes are insufficient moisture and excessive ventilation. Prevention method, increase the relative humidity of the air, do not make the material dry, ventilation, do not let the wind blow directly mushroom bud or fruit body.

Phytotoxicity of Pleurotus ostreatus: After spraying pesticide (dichlorvos), the cap stopped growing, and a black edge was formed at the edge, turning over. Some harmful pesticides should be banned.

Rust spots: brown rust spots on mushroom cap and stalk. The main causes are poor ventilation and excessive humidity. Prevention measures, strengthen ventilation, reduce humidity.

(2) Sickness or death caused by contamination of the fruiting body by other miscellaneous bacteria. We call it disseminated disease.

The common disease of Pleurotus ostreatus is dry bubble disease (brown spot disease), which mainly endangers its normal growth. Its symptoms are white velvety hyphae on the surface of fruiting body, brown spots, atrophy of cap and dry crack.

Prevention and control method: reduce the temperature, strengthen ventilation. The sick area sprays 2% formaldehyde solution or 1:500 times carbendazim.

2. miscellaneous bacteria

There are many miscellaneous bacteria that harm dried mushrooms, mainly the following:

(1) Penicillium and Trichoderma: Penicillium is white at the beginning and turns light green later. Trichoderma starts out green, and then the green gradually deepens. High humidity, poor ventilation, acidic environment easy to occur.

Prevention and control: can dig out contaminated parts, and then sprinkle carbendazim powder or quicklime. Material contamination, should be burned or buried deep.

(2) Alternaria: The conditions of occurrence are at 25℃~30℃, spores germinate in 6 hours, form a large number of cotton-like hyphae, and produce a large number of pink conidia after 48 hours.

When culture medium is prepared, carbendazim or mildew rust can be avoided by mixing with 1:500 times. If it occurs, destroy it early or bury it deeply.

(3) Gypsum mold: often occurs on the surface of the culture medium, producing powdery dense white hyphae.

Control method: increase the phosphorus content of the feed, spray 1:7 acetic acid solution.

(4) Aspergillus flavus: hypha is white at first, and then a large number of yellow spores are produced. Under high temperature (above 27℃) and medium moisture drying, serious occurrence occurs.

Control method: reduce temperature, control below 25℃, prepare culture medium, moisture is appropriate.

3. pests

(1) Maggots: mainly harmful to mycelium or fruiting body. Fungi flies, mosquitoes and other larvae are white or yellow without feet of small maggots, will eat fruit bodies. Control methods: remove aging mycelium; use adult phototaxis, set up insecticidal lamps to trap, or spray high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides, such as trichlorfon 1000 times liquid spray, can kill larvae and eggs.

(2) Fungi mites: some small insects belonging to Araneae and Acarina, small individuals, yellow-white, pale brown when piled up, like dust or rice bran, with strong fecundity and rapid action, eating hyphae and caps, causing mushroom buds to wither.

Control: fully dry raw materials, the surrounding environment spray dichlorvos, occurs after spraying with 4% dicofol emulsion 800 times solution.

(3) Jumpers: adults have flexible tails, bounce like fleas, bite fruit bodies. Control method: spray 0.1% of the rosemary.

There are some pests such as ancient cricket, ants, cockroaches, mole crickets, etc., control can be scattered on the ground some quicklime.

4. Treatment of old mushroom houses

Continuous cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus indoors or in tunnels often causes serious damage from diseases, pests and miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in failure. The first cultivation yield is high, the second and third are seriously polluted, and even no harvest is formed. Investigate its reason: Because do not disinfect after each time cultivate, pleurotus ostreatus produces harmful metabolite in growing process, accumulate on bedstead, wall. Mycelium senescence, indoor or fortifications dark, damp, poor ventilation and other reasons, caused miscellaneous bacteria and pests rampant.

Prevention and control methods: pay attention to environmental hygiene, wash the walls with 5%~6% alkali water, brush, sprinkle quicklime on the ground, or spray lime acid to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria. In addition, pesticides were sprayed to eliminate poisonous insects. Sterilize with formaldehyde, sulfur and other drugs.

5. Measures to prevent allergy to oyster spores

Pleurotus ostreatus should be harvested in time after maturity, and then harvested after spores are dispersed, which will affect the formation of the next mushroom; in addition, it will seriously harm the health of the staff.

Pleurotus ostreatus spores can produce allergic reactions to most people, causing cough, sticky sputum, stuffy breath, low fever and other symptoms.

Prevention method: timely harvest, mature, before the spores are released, timely harvest; before the staff enters the mushroom house, spray atomized water first, so that the spores sink to the ground with water drops, reducing the spore content in the air.

In addition, the relevant information is introduced. When the fungus cover is 2~3 cm, sodium glutamate nutrient solution is sprayed for topdressing. Formula is: water 100 jin, sugar 1 jin, sodium glutamate (monosodium glutamate can also be) 0.1 jin, vitamin bll00 tablets. Spray once a day. It can increase yield and delay spore release time.

If the human body is severely allergic, it should be separated from the original work for four months.