Main Diseases and insect pests of Pleurotus ferulae and their Control

I. infection ways of diseases and insect pests

1. Natural transmission

In the process of seed production and cultivation of edible fungi, slightly negligent spores will invade the strains and culture bags, while pests lurk in the waste, weeds and litter around the mushroom house, develop and spawn and reproduce, seriously endangering the production of edible fungi.

two。 Seed carrier

The mother seed, original seed or cultivated species used, without strict inspection, mixed with miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests, produced with bacteria, resulting in all infections.

II. Disease and its control

1. Fungal disease

① brown rot, also known as Alternaria alternata, is the most common disease of Pleurotus ferulae and other edible fungi. It only infects the fruiting body, but not the mycelium. The fruiting body turns brown after being damaged, and the mushroom body is deformed, festering and smelly.

Prevention and treatment measures: disinfect the culture bag under atmospheric pressure, sterilize thoroughly, cover the soil with 1 ∶ 500 carbendazim or carbendazim, dimethoate and other spraying treatment.

Streptomyces ②, commonly known as red bread mold, is an important disease of contaminated bacteria and mushroom houses. The fungal hyphae were white fluffy at first, and then gradually changed into orange powder, and the optimum temperature was 23 ℃.

Prevention and control measures: do a good job in the environmental sanitation of the inoculation room, mushroom room and its surroundings; sterilize the culture materials for producing strains thoroughly; reduce the temperature and humidity of the mushroom room, strengthen ventilation and ventilation; add 0.1% carbendazim to the seeds, or add 1% lime. If the mold is found not to be sprayed, it should be buried away from the mushroom room.

③ Trichoderma harms many kinds of edible fungi and inhibits the growth of edible fungi. The mold is white cotton floc at first, then turns green gradually after producing spores, and finally turns dark green.

Prevention and control measures: mix with 1% lime and 0.2% carbendazim. When spot film occurs, remove the mildew spot and cover the affected area with lime or thick lime water. Spray 0.2% carbendazim, carbendazim or benzoin zinc on the bacterial bed.

two。 Bacterial disease

① bacterial spot disease is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There are small yellow or brownish areas on the lid, which become sunken spots. After the spots dry, the lid split and form dissymmetrical fruiting bodies, and the stagnant water on the lid is prone to spot disease.

Prevention and control measures: the cover surface does not accumulate water to prevent the culture material from getting too wet; the humidity of the mushroom room is kept below 85%; spray 1 ∶ 600x bleaching powder.

② bacterial fold dripping disease is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which mainly infects the bacterial fold, and the infected site turns into cream-colored droplets, and finally the bacterial fold rotts away and becomes a brown mucus mass.

Prevention and control measures: with bacterial spot disease.

III. Insect pests and their control

1. Musca domestica

The adult is a very small fly, the larva is maggot, white or beige, and the larva harms the mycelium and fruiting body. In serious cases, it can bite off all the hyphae, and the material becomes black, sticky and smelly.

Control measures: most of the bacteria and flies fly in from outside the mushroom room, do a good job in environmental hygiene, install screen windows at the door and window of the mushroom room to prevent adults from flying in; use 1 gram of pyrethrum per square meter, add plant ash, and sprinkle it on the ground, wall corners and walkways for 2 to 3 days, the effect is better. Before the mushroom bag enters the shed, the mushroom shed is fumigated with 1 g potassium permanganate plus 100 ml formaldehyde per cubic meter, or with sulfur powder (15 kg for 50 m greenhouse), burn the fumigation shed for 48 hours, and sprinkle lime powder on the ground in front of the fumigation shed. After spraying 200ml dichlorvos fumigation, mites, flies, mosquitoes, jumping insects and other pests can be killed.

two。 Fungus mosquito

The individual is very small, the adult is like mosquito, is black, the larva is maggot, and the larva harms the fruiting body and mycelium.

Control method: the same bacteria fly.