Cultivation of edible fungi in woodland

Cultivation of edible fungi in woodland

There are two main modes in the production of conventional edible fungi. One is factory production, but it has high requirements for facilities, and the general investment is more than 10 million yuan, so the development is limited and should not be popularized on a large scale; the other is the family production mode, which mainly takes greenhouses and greenhouses as cultivation places. Mushroom houses and production equipment are relatively simple, scattered in suburban areas, it is difficult to large-scale production, and the investment per mu of mushroom shed needs more than 50,000 yuan, and the development of a large area is also limited. Due to the continuous production of these two fixed facilities, it is easy to cause environmental deterioration, miscellaneous bacteria, disease aggravation, resulting in reduced production or even no harvest; disease prevention drugs also cause the risk of product pollution and excessive pesticides.

Beijing has about 10 million mu of woodland and about 1.2 million mu of plain fast-growing forest suitable for the cultivation of edible fungi. The use of woodland for edible fungus production has great development advantages. First, the woodland is rich in resources, inexhaustible, and can be planted on a large scale. The development of edible fungi does not compete with people for grain or land with grain, which can alleviate the contradiction between agriculture and forestry. Second, the woodland has luxuriant leaves and trees, and there is no need to build a shed for heat preservation, which reduces the cost of facility investment; third, the oxygen content in the forest is sufficient, which is lower than the temperature outside the forest, the temperature difference is large, and the air humidity is large, so it is suitable for the growth of edible fungi, and the growth conditions come from nature. there is no need to create climatic conditions manually, extensive management, labor-saving and labor-saving. Fourth, the woodland air is fresh, there is no pollution, can produce pollution-free food, the production of edible fungi of good quality, strong mushroom flavor, rich nutrition. Fifth, the waste used in the production of edible fungi can be used as fuel, and it can also directly provide organic fertilizer for forest growth, which can not only promote tree growth, but also reduce waste treatment, which meets the requirements of ecological agriculture.

The cultivation of edible fungi in woodland is to stack the mycelium sticks (materials) in the forest glades for imitating wild production. The production of edible fungi in woodland can obtain higher income, the benefit of one mu of woodland is more than 5000 yuan, and the high one is more than 20, 000 yuan, which is higher than that of planting other crops. Due to good benefits, the cultivated area in the suburbs of Beijing has increased rapidly this year, with 10, 000 mu in Tongzhou and more than 1000 mu in Fangshan and Shunyi.

Cultivation method: select artificial fast-growing woodland with shade of more than 70% in 4 to 5 years (woodland with weak tree strength can appropriately increase shading net and other auxiliary measures to improve shading), and transfer the edible mushroom sticks prepared in advance (those required to send fungi or inoculate mycelium into pieces) or pile up the mushroom materials into the woodland from April to August, and then carry out the production of edible fungi. The time of entering the forest: Pleurotus ostreatus from late March to the end of April; Lentinus edodes from mid-April to the end of May; Auricularia auricula and Pleurotus ostreatus from early May to the end of June; Pleurotus ostreatus from early July to early August. Pleurotus ostreatus is buried in the ground, that is, to make a flat bed of 1.5-2 meters in the woodland, put the stick flat in the border and cover the soil for about 2 cm, which can prolong the supply period for about 2 months and realize recycling; Lentinus edodes and Auricularia auricula are cultivated in a single pendulum type, or combined with sightseeing agriculture to facilitate tourists to watch and pick; Pleurotus ostreatus is buried in the ground or wall cultivation. Better results can be obtained by buried cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus.

After entering the forest, we should pay attention to regulating the temperature and humidity of the woodland, so as to meet the growth needs of edible fungi and achieve high yield and harvest.