How to deal with disastrous weather in greenhouse cultivation

The cultivation area of Pleurotus ostreatus is constantly expanding, the cultivation techniques are constantly renovated and improved, and the disastrous weather disturbs the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus from time to time. The main disastrous weather in winter and spring are: snowfall weather (including blizzard, snowstorm weather), cold spell weather, strong wind cooling weather (including blowing sand and floating dust weather), continuous fog weather, continuous low temperature weather, rare extremely low temperature weather. In summer and autumn, there are mainly rain weather (including thunderstorm, rainstorm, storm, continuous rain weather), high temperature, dry and hot weather (sudden rise in temperature, dry and hot wind, rare extreme high temperature), high temperature and humidity weather and so on. Although the probability of these disastrous weather is relatively small, once encountered, prevention and resolution is not timely, light will lead to reduced production, reduced quality, serious will cause serious loss of harvest. Taking the climatic conditions in Shijiazhuang area as an example, the countermeasures of disastrous weather in the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus were described respectively.

1. Summer and autumn season

1.1 rainy weather thunderstorm is fierce but not long, and the rainfall is not heavy. As long as water inflow and lightning strike in the shed are not prevented, it has no great impact on the management of mushroom production.

Storm rainfall increases sharply, rainfall for a long time, preventive measures should be done in detail, not only to prevent water into the shed, but also to prevent the harm of strong winds, we can learn from the preventive measures of windy weather.

Overcast and rainy weather mostly occurs from late July to early August, with precipitation accounting for 60% to 70% of the whole year. When building the shed, consider the areas with high terrain, convenient transportation and convenient water and electricity as far as possible. It is rainy and humid without sunshine for a long time, which is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of all kinds of bacteria, molds and insect pests. You can refer to the following weather prevention measures.

1.2The sudden rise of high temperature, dry and hot weather and extreme high temperature are often accompanied by dry and hot wind. The greenhouse film should be closed tightly from 10:00 to 5 p.m., and cold fresh well water or tap water should be sprayed on the thickened cover of the greenhouse before noon, so that strong light and high temperature can not penetrate the cover. Only open a small opening to the breeze, while pouring cold water on the wall, the ground, bacterial bags are also constantly drenched with water, space spray, in order to reduce the temperature. The breeze begins in the evening, and the film ventilation is set off at night, the effect is obvious. Or use high-power fans or exhaust fans to force ventilation and cooling to prevent the occurrence of stuffy shed phenomenon.

First of all, the strains suitable for summer cultivation should be selected and fed scientifically. In this season, more materials should not be added in the shed to prevent burning bacteria. Secondly, water should be used scientifically to prevent the occurrence of bacterial yellow mushroom disease. In order to achieve the mushroom bud stage does not spray or mainly to space spray, now cover less spray, cover big after more spray, pre-harvest re-spray water method.

1.3 High temperature and humidity weather the local rain is concentrated in the hottest months of July and August, such weather occurs, a state of high temperature and humidity is formed in the shed within a short period of time, and it is easy to break out all kinds of diseases and insect pests, once it occurs, it is difficult to solve. The space in the greenhouse should be sprayed with 3000-4000 times peracetic acid every 3-5 days to restrain the occurrence of miscellaneous bacteria; 1000 times phoxim and 3000 times pyrethroids should be sprayed around the greenhouse and in the mushroom-free area of the shed; dry fresh lime powder should be applied to the material surface after mushroom picking. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in environmental sanitation inside and outside the shed, thoroughly remove the dead rotten mushrooms and bury them deeply, and do a good job in flood control to avoid water entering the shed.

two。 Winter and spring season

2.1 before snow falls in winter and spring, you should listen to the weather forecast in time. Before the heavy snow falls, add an old plastic film to the greenhouse (the holes should not be too much or too big), cover the surface of the whole greenhouse tightly, and press it firmly around with bricks. After the snow stops, immediately clear the snow and remove the film covered on the greenhouse, which will have no effect on the heating and heat preservation of the grass curtain in the sun. On the other hand, the continuous snowfall should be cleared along with the fall to prevent the increase of the thickness of the snow from collapsing the shelves of the greenhouse, and to prevent the grass curtains from being frozen together by melting snow. As soon as the weather clears up, the curtain will be lighted. If the light is too strong, drop the grass curtain around noon to ensure that the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus will not decline because of the strong light, that is, to prevent the mushroom from suddenly entering a strong light environment-"flash mushroom". Two or three days after snow, the cold snow melting temperature is relatively low, at this time you should do the evening curl (after 10:00) and early fall (3 or 4 p.m., when the temperature does not drop), and ventilation should be carried out at noon with higher temperature.

2.2 before the cold spell comes, it is necessary to close the vents and cover the greenhouse film, reduce the ventilation rate, and cover the shed with an old film, which can have an obvious preventive effect. After the temperature drops, the evening roll falls early, and it is ventilated at noon to maximize moisturizing and heat preservation. Pleurotus ostreatus, which has been frozen, has a rough surface, dim color, wavy surface and brittle texture.

2.3 Gale cooling Weather before the gale comes, set at least two No. 8 iron wires from east to west on the grass canopy of the shed, fixed on both sides with wooden piles, and then press them on the wire with stones and thick wooden sticks, it will be able to withstand 6-7 strong winds. When you are basking in the sun during the day, you should roll the grass to the 1pm, 3pm and 2th of the shed according to the wind.

When the strong wind comes, the air humidity is extremely low, and the strong wind can easily take away the moisture from the mushroom body in the shed, resulting in the dry edge of the mushroom cover. The space in the shed should be sprayed continuously to maintain the relative humidity. In the weather of blowing sand and floating dust, a layer of floating soil will fall on the mushroom lid. After the wind decreases, it will be washed away with quick water to ensure the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus.

2.4 continuous cloudy and foggy weather is often accompanied by low temperature, which mostly occurs from the middle of November to the middle of December. During this period, the scattered light of cloudy days should be fully utilized and the whole roll of grass should be used to increase the temperature in the shed. There are many mushrooms in the shed, there is a wind for 1-2 hours before and after noon, but there are few mushrooms, but it can be ventilated once every 3-5 days. If this weather lasts for more than 5 days, artificial heating should be considered.

2.5 continuous low temperature weather for more than 3 consecutive days when the temperature is-7 ℃, more heating facilities should be added to ensure that frost damage does not occur. However, we must be careful not to use open fire, otherwise it is prone to fire and the carbon monoxide produced will not be emitted.

2.6 rare extremely low temperature weather closes the greenhouse during the day, the whole roll of grass basks in the sun, and falls in the evening. Only when the air in the shed is not fresh, choose the hottest time of the day at noon for less than half an hour of ventilation. If possible, it can be heated in the shed, or a small arch shed can be set up in the shed.

The above kinds of disastrous weather occur with the season, as long as we master its occurrence regularity and formulate careful countermeasures, we can avoid or reduce its harm and ensure the success of cultivation.