Cultivation techniques of eight Immortals

Hydrangeamacrophylla, also known as hydrangea, powder ball, purple sunflower, Saxifragaceae, is an ornamental shrub, which is an important greenhouse potted flower and warm courtyard flower, widely cultivated all over the world. Potted varieties are about 30cm in height, leaves opposite, Obovate or oval, margin coarsely serrated, leaf thickness varies from variety to variety. Inflorescences terminal, 20cm in diameter, subglobose, corymbose, usually ornamental part is enlarged petaloid sepals, sepals 4, mostly sterile flowers, white, purple, red, pink, florescence from May to July.

1 reproduction

Baxian flower is propagated by means of ramet, striping and cutting in production.

1.1 ramet propagation

It should be carried out before germination in early spring. When dividing the plant, first pour the mother plant out of the basin, shake off most of the old culture soil, expose the extension direction of the new bud and sprouting root system, and untie the root system knotted together, hurt as little as possible, and cut the connected part of the tiller seedling and the mother plant with a sharp knife. Plant separately.

1.2 striping propagation

It can be carried out all year round. Select the sturdy, semi-lignified branches, cut the phloem with a knife near the node, wrap the cut with wet moss, peat or culture soil, and wrap it with plastic film. If the temperature is suitable, it can take root in about 1 month. Cut under the pressing part, remove the plastic film, and put on the basin.

1.3 Cuttage propagation

Cutting propagation can be carried out in the greenhouse all the year round. Usually from May to June, combined with early spring pruning and post-anthesis plastic surgery. Select twigs, lignified or semi-lignified branches without disease and insect pests, grow 10~15cm, keep the top 2 leaves and cut off 1 prime 3 leaves and 1 pedicle 2 respectively, quickly dip in ABT rooting powder 250mg/L talc powder, then insert it into the nursery bed with river sand, vermiculite or perlite as substrate, properly shade, keep the leaves moist, start rooting in about 18 days, then gradually reduce the number of water spraying, increase light, and transplant in about 1 month.

2 cultivation and management

2.1 Matrix

Prepare the eight Immortals like loose, fertile, well-drained soil. Vinegar bran (mainly composed of grain husk), cow dung, peat and pastoral soil can be mixed well and placed to fully mature before use.

2.2 transplanting and plastic surgery

After transplanting, the seedlings should be shaded properly and sprayed with water on the leaves to slow down the seedlings. When the new leaves grow, the coring should be carried out to promote the branches, remove the dense branches and overlapping branches in time, and leave 3-5 branches to obtain a good plant shape.

2.3 temperature

The suitable temperature for growth was 15-27 ℃. In the north of the Yangtze River, it is necessary to move into a greenhouse of more than 5 ℃ in winter to survive the winter. In the hot summer, the temperature is reduced by shading, strengthening ventilation, foliar spraying and other measures.

2.4 Lighting

The eight immortal flowers like the semi-shady environment. If the light is too strong, it is easy to cause the leaves to fade and turn white, and when it is serious, it is easy to cause the leaves to burn and scorch. Under moderate light, the plant grows healthily and the leaf color is thick green. In hot summer, 75% shading net is used for shading, and the light is adjusted by its ups and downs. Sunny day, pull up the sunshade net at 10:00, open the sunshade net at 4 pm; remove the sunshade net completely on cloudy and rainy days. The sunshade net should be removed gradually to avoid burning the leaves of the plant with excessive light.

2.5 watering

Watering should not be excessive, and it is advisable to keep the soil moist regularly. When it is dry and hot in summer, water can be sprayed to the leaf surface to reduce the water transpiration rate. Watering in winter is based on the principle of "dry and wet". Watering is controlled during dormancy to maintain a semi-dry state. The water demand increased significantly before and after budding, so it should be watered once or twice a day.

2.6 fertilization

During the growth period, mature alum fertilizer water (400m 500L water, bean cake 10~20kg, pig manure 20~30kg, ferrous sulfate 5~6kg) was applied every 10 to 15 days, and 0.1% urea or 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution was sprayed on the leaves every 15 days. During the period of flower bud differentiation, P and K fertilizer should be applied appropriately. Stop fertilizing during dormancy.

2.7 Control of major diseases and insect pests

(1) Leaf spot. The main damage to the leaves, the disease spot round to polygonal, brown or dark gray, the edge of purple-brown or nearly dark brown. At the initial stage of the disease, 65% of Dysen zinc wettable powder was sprayed with 500x solution or Bordeaux solution (1 ∶ 1 ∶ 200), once every 7 days, for 2 times in a row.

(2) rust. The main damage to the leaves, the leaves appeared a large light yellow to brown spore pile, the diseased leaves withered and broken. During the onset season, spray 15% of the powder rather than 800 times of the wettable powder.

(3) blight. It mainly harms the leaves and stems, and the leaves near the ground produce watery chloasma, which spreads to the stems, causing the leaves to dry up and the stems to turn black and rot. At the initial stage of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times, or 50% thiram wettable powder 500 times.

(4) powdery mildew. It mainly harms the leaves and can infect the stem in severe cases. The leaf surface shows a light gray mildew layer, and then gradually becomes light brown. During the onset of the disease, 15% of the powder was sprayed with 1000 times of the wettable powder, or 1000 times of the methyl topiramate wettable powder was sprayed once every 7 days for 2 times in a row.

(5) scale insects. It mainly harms the young stems and leaves, causing the leaves to turn yellow and the branches dry up. When a small amount occurs, brush it off gently with a soft brush, then rinse it off with water. When using chemical control, it is best to spray 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos or 1000 times of 50% fenitrothion EC during the nymph incubation period.

2.8 other

Strict quarantine should be strengthened to prevent diseased plants from entering the nursery. Pay attention to environmental hygiene at any time, remove the surrounding weeds in time, and strengthen ventilation and light transmission. Remove the diseased leaves, pull out the diseased plants and destroy them in time.

(3) promoting cultivation

Baxian flower is a short-day plant, which is dark for more than 10 hours every day, and it takes about 42 days to form flower buds when the night temperature is 11-18 ℃. After flower bud differentiation, watering was gradually reduced to promote the full maturity of branches. After plucking the leaves and moving them into the cold room (5 ~ 7 ℃), controlling watering and fertilization, maintaining the semi-dry state and promoting its full dormancy, the accelerated cultivation could be carried out after 42 ~ 56 days. The temperature should not be too high at the initial stage of cultivation, which is generally heated to 13: 15 ℃, and then gradually raised to about 20 ℃. This period requires sufficient light, moist soil and high air humidity. When visible flower buds and inflorescences elongate, lower the temperature to about 16 ℃, reduce the air humidity, and blossom in about 20 days. Keep sufficient moisture and light during flowering. The flowers of the eight Immortals are huge. In order to avoid lodging when they bloom, they can be tied up on a frame to improve the ornamental effect.

4 Application

The eight Immortals are shade-tolerant flowers and trees, and they are excellent ornamental tree species. the warm land in the south can be planted in the north of the building, in the shade of the courtyard, under the forest, scaffolding and forest edge. Potted plants are often used in halls and study rooms for indoor viewing. Roots, leaves and flowers can be used medicinally to treat malaria and heart palpitations. The flower color of pink varieties is affected by soil acidity and alkalinity. Acidic soil flowers are blue and alkaline soil flowers are red, which can be used as soil acid-base indicator plants.