High-yield cultivation techniques of Spring sowing Potato

Potato has the characteristics of rich nutrition, both grain and vegetable use, high yield and high efficiency, and short growth period. In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural structure, the planting area of potato has increased year by year. The main high yield cultivation techniques are as follows:

The improved varieties of potato in our province are selected in the spring and autumn season, and the early maturing varieties with early tuber setting, tuber expansion, short dormancy period, high yield, high quality and disease resistance, such as Yu potato No. 1 and Yu potato No. 2, should be selected. These varieties had better be virus-free potato seeds, with early emergence of virus-free potato seedlings, strong plants, hypertrophic leaves, well-developed roots, strong stress resistance and great potential for yield increase.

The plot chooses sandy loam or loam with fertile soil, flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep tillage layer and loose soil. The previous crop should be cereal crops, legumes, cotton, radish, cabbage, etc., but not Solanaceae crops, such as eggplant, pepper, tomato, tobacco, etc., in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

After the harvest of the previous crop of fine soil preparation, about 30 cm should be ploughed in time to make the soil frozen and weathered, so as to accept rain and snow and freeze to death overwintering pests. After thawing in early spring, ploughing and harrowing should be done as early as possible to achieve fine crumbling of plough layer, flat field surface and no stubble, so as to preserve soil moisture and wait for sowing.

Potato with sufficient base fertilizer is a crop with high yield and like fertilizer, which is combined with soil preparation in early spring. The base fertilizer is generally applied with high-quality mature organic fertilizer 4000kg / mu, urea 20kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg and potassium sulfate 30kg / mu. Slicing and sprouting for spring sowing requires about 120kg of seed potato per mu. One month before sowing, seed potato was vernalized in a dark environment with a temperature of 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃. The seed potatoes were cut into pieces 20-25 days before sowing, each with 1-2 bud holes and weighing 25-30 grams. After the seed potato was cut into pieces, the starch on the surface of the incision was washed with 600x carbendazim suspension, and then dried and placed in the indoor temperature of 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃. When the bud grew to about 2 cm, it was dried under scattered light. After the bud was green and thickened, it could be sown.

The suitable sowing time for spring sowing potato in our province is from late February to early March. If sowing too early, the seedlings are vulnerable to freezing damage. When sowing too late, the tuber was in the high temperature and rainy season, and the aboveground stems and leaves were easy to grow, which affected the nutrient accumulation of tubers, resulting in a serious reduction in yield, and the tubers were easy to be infected with rotten potatoes and could not endure storage.

Reasonable close planting adopts ridge width and narrow row cultivation, ridge distance 1 meter, ridge top width 60 cm, ridge height 15 cm, one row two rows, wide row 70 cm, narrow row 30 cm, plant spacing 25 cm 30 cm. Ditch sowing, potato pieces in the ditch buds placed upward, per mu with 3% phoxim granule 2kg, 15 kg of fine soil evenly spread along the ditch to prevent underground pests. Then covered with ditch soil, pressed and leveled, with 72% dull 100 ml or 50% Acetochlor 120 ml per mu, 40-50 kg of water was evenly sprayed to control weeds, and then immediately covered with plastic film.

Field management

1. Break the membrane in time. 20-25 days after sowing, the seedlings will top the film one after another, choose sunny days to break the holes in the plastic film and release the seedlings, and cover the holes with fine soil.

2. Cultivate the soil by ploughing. Combined with topdressing and watering, the soil was cultivated at the early budding stage and the early flowering stage respectively to prevent the tuber from exposing to the ground.

3. Fertilizer and water management. Combined with soil moisture, it was watered once in the seedling stage, bud stage, flowering stage and rapid expansion period of potato. Combined with watering depending on the seedling condition, 10-15 kg urea per mu was applied at the initial stage of flowering, and the watering was stopped 5-7 days before harvest, so as to prevent rotten potato in the field and affect the storage of potato. In addition, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed twice in the middle and later stages of plant growth, 40kg / mu each time to prevent premature senility.

4. Chemical control: in the budding and flowering stage, 15% paclobutrazol was used to control the overgrowth of the field, 20 grams of paclobutrazol was used per mu and 40 kilograms of water was sprayed.

5. Pest control. At the initial stage of the onset of virus disease, 20% virus A wettable powder was sprayed with 500x solution or 1.5% Zhishiling emulsion with 1000 times solution. At the initial stage of the onset of late blight, spray control with 64% alum wettable powder 500 times or 25% Ruidui 600 times, once every 7 days, 3 times in a row. Aphids can be controlled by spraying 2000 times of imidacloprid wettable powder or 2000-3000 times of aldicarb wettable powder.

Timely harvest of spring potatoes does not necessarily wait until maturity, but should be carried out before the arrival of high temperature and rainy season according to market demand, and harvest should be carried out when the soil is dry in sunny days.