Cultivation Techniques of Autumn Potato with Straw Mulching (Ⅰ)

The technology of rice straw mulching cultivation of autumn potato is a new technology of no-tillage soil surface sowing and rice straw mulching after sowing in the stubble field after middle rice harvest, which can save labor, labor and time, heat preservation, moisture prevention and weeding, straw returning to the field to improve soil fertility, increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, reduce soil erosion, improve agricultural ecological environment, and promote sustainable development of agriculture. It is an important technology to save labor, save cost, increase production and increase efficiency, and optimize the production structure of grain and oil in late autumn. The key points of cultivation techniques are as follows:

The main results are as follows: 1. Standardize that rice stubble is left shallowly when rice is harvested in the whole field, and ditches are opened immediately after rice harvest. The width of the box is 2m, the width of the ditch is 0.25m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3m, the width of the ditch is 0.25m, the depth of the ditch is 0.3-0.4m, the width of the ditch is 0.25m, and the depth of the ditch is 0.3-0.4m. The plane of the chamber remains the same, and the pattern of the chamber groove is fixed for a long time. In the net potato field, potatoes can be planted for one season with no-tillage or rush sowing with no-tillage, and rice can be cultivated with no-tillage after harvesting vegetables or wheat. Autumn potato is intercropped with rape, potato is rape after harvest, and rice is cultivated under no-tillage after rape harvest.

2. The comparative experiment of popularizing early-maturing and virus-free varieties of autumn potato cultivated with straw mulching in our city showed that the autumn potato cultivated with straw mulching should first choose the varieties with strong resistance to stress, especially those with high temperature resistance, short dormant period (dormant period 30-40 days), early ripening and extra precocious potato, and virus-free potato with strong disease resistance. Vegetable varieties can popularize Chongqing potato No. 1, Chuanyu 4, "Zhongshu 3", "Nanzhong 552" and so on. All of them can be harvested 60 days after emergence, some 45? "Pure brake moisture" < mediocre score? Quot; Atlantic "has high yield, concentrated tuber, high rate of medium potato, smooth skin, medium bud eye, and autumn seed is more resistant to late blight, so it can be popularized.

3. In the treatment of autumn sowing potato, it is better to sow small whole potato, and the weight of each small whole potato is about 25 grams. If a large potato is used as a seed potato, it should be cut into pieces to promote germination before germination.

The main results are as follows: (1) 7-10 days before sowing, the disease-free and injury-free single potato weighing 70-80 grams was selected as seed potato and cut into 3-4 pieces longitudinally along the terminal bud with a sharp knife, and 1-2 bud eyes were retained in each piece.

(2) seed soaking with gibberellin (920) can break the dormancy period and promote germination. The method is to soak the seeds with whole potato or cut into pieces. The whole potato seeds can be soaked with 10-20ppm gibberellin for 30 minutes, and cut into pieces for 5-10 minutes with 1ppm gibberellin.

(3) seed potatoes soaked by sprouting are placed indoors, covered with wet straw, and seed potatoes are placed in the middle. When the buds grow to 0.5-1 cm, they can be sowed to the field.