High-yield cultivation techniques of Potato in Winter

The development of winter potato can make full use of winter resources, and has the characteristics of improving land utilization, saving time and fertilizer, short growth cycle, quick effect and so on. It can not only plant and mature early, plant spring corn in the big spring season, and realize multi-season early and multi-season ripening in one season, but also solve the problem of vegetable spring thinness, both as a vegetable and as grain, so as to increase value and increase income. In recent years, the planting area of potato in winter has been expanding, and the cultivation techniques have become more and more mature, which has developed from ordinary open field cultivation to plastic film mulching cultivation, and remarkable economic benefits have been obtained. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows.

1. Choose a good seed. Virus-free varieties that are precocious or precocious without disease or injury should be selected. Sichuan Province mainly promoted Chuanyu No. 5 and Zihuabai variety. The suitable size of seed potato is 25g and 50g.

two。 Choose the land. Potato has wide adaptability, and the requirement for soil is mainly loose, because the oxygen consumption of potato root system is much higher than that of other crops, and tuber expansion requires soil looseness and ventilation. Therefore, we should choose high-lying, loose soil, deep soil layer, convenient drainage and irrigation, fertile sandy soil or loam.

3. Prepare the soil and fertilize. Immediately after the harvest of the previous crop, turn over the 20~25cm to prepare for sowing. Before sowing, the fine soil was opened at 1.0m to 1.2m, the furrow was wide 25cm and deep 10cm. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in potato is 2.5 ∶ 1 ∶ 4.5.The absorption amount of potassium is the most, and the supply of potassium mainly depends on organic fertilizer. Crop straw contains a large amount of potassium, and organic fertilizer is applied again. Before supplementary sowing of potassium, sufficient base fertilizer is applied once, combined with soil preparation, fertilizer will be applied on the surface of the box. Base fertilizer per 667m2 with mature organic fertilizer 15002000 kg, ternary compound fertilizer 30kg.

4. Sprout before sowing. If the seed potato has not passed the dormancy period 10-15 days before sowing, the dormancy will be broken. The method is to cut the seed potato into pieces: generally, the weight of the cut pieces is not less than 30g, and each piece should have at least 2-3 bud holes. When cutting pieces, we should pay attention to that the pieces should not be too small, when cutting into diseased potatoes, we should destroy them and disinfect the cutter at the same time, otherwise it will spread germs. Sprouting method: after the potato pieces are cut, dry the wound to produce a cork layer. After the potato pieces are dried, they can be sprouted. The commonly used method of sprouting can be used to promote germination directly indoors and spread the potato pieces on the ground according to the thickness of 10~15cm. The sand covered with seed potato should be moistened by spraying water first. The humidity of the sand should not be able to hold water by hand, and then sprinkle it on the seed potato. In the process of budding, the humidity should not be too high, as long as the sand is not very dry, generally do not water. When the buds reached 1.5~2cm, the potato buds turned green after sowing, and the seedlings were strong after sowing when they were exposed to indoor scattered light for 1-2 days.

5. Sow seeds at the right time. The most suitable period of plastic film mulching in Sichuan is from the end of December to the beginning of January, no later than the end of January at the latest. Generally use row spacing 40~45cm, hole spacing 25~30cm, sowing depth 7~9cm, every 667m2 species 45005000 nests. After sowing, the cultivation is covered with microfilm, so as to tie the edge of the film strictly and put an end to "nailing" and air leakage.

6. Field management

In the seedling stage of potato mulched with plastic film mulching, attention should be paid to breaking the film in time to introduce seedlings. Early introduction has late frost injury, and the late film surface is easy to scald the seedlings. One day before the introduction of the seedling, the seedling was broken by breaking the membrane above the seedling, and on the second day, the seedling was drawn out of the film and sealed around the seedling hole with fine soil.

(2) Water and fertilizer management. Potato fertilizer is mainly based on base fertilizer, topdressing and extracting seedling fertilizer after finishing seedlings, and applying urea 7kg to water or rotten human feces and urine every 667m2. Topdressing fertilizer at budding time, applying chemical potash fertilizer 5~7kg evenly every 667m2. After flowering, foliar fertilizer can also be sprayed, mainly potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to promote tuber expansion and starch accumulation.

(3) pest control. ① potato late blight. Late blight spreads by airflow and spreads rapidly. It is a destructive disease and can cause a large number of rotten potatoes in the field and during storage. When the central diseased plant appears in the potato field at the early flowering stage, it can also be filled with metalaxyl or metalaxyl manganese zinc pesticide with 25% metalaxyl or metalaxyl 800 times liquid spray in time. ② tigers mainly bite the stems of potatoes near the ground, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges. Molasses traps or light traps can be used. 50% pyrimidinophosphate EC can also be used to make 5% poisonous soil or granules, which can be scattered on the soil around the base of the seedlings, or the plants can be sprayed with 50% monocrotophos 2000 × 3000 times. The adults and larvae of ③ 28 ladybug mainly feed on potato leaves, which can be sprayed with 500 × 800 times of 60% trichlorfon, which has strong lethal effect on larval adults. When the harm is serious, it can be sprayed many times, once every 2 weeks.

7. Harvest. Potatoes can be harvested and put on the market in late winter at the end of April and the first ten days of May.