Cultivation Method of Potato in Winter Fallow Field-Plastic Film Mulching

If the cultivation method of plastic film mulching is adopted in the cultivation of potato in winter fallow field, the potato can be put on the market earlier and higher economic benefit can be obtained. The key points of cultivation techniques are as follows:

I. soil selection

It should be cultivated on slightly acidic light sand soil with loose soil, good permeability and convenient drainage. The clayey soil has the advantages of heavy clay, poor ventilation and poor water quality, which is not conducive to the development of potato blocks, so it is not suitable to plant potatoes. In order to grow spring potato in the late rice field after harvest, we must choose the platform field and Eran field with loose soil and good drainage. Continuous cropping of potatoes is avoided, and Solanaceae, flax and other root and tuber crops should be avoided in the previous crop.

Second, deep ploughing the Kang field

Potatoes need 15 to 18 centimeters of tillage depth and loose soil to grow. Deep ploughing can make the soil water storage and fertilizer conservation capacity, which is beneficial to the development and growth of root system and the expansion of potato lumps. Deep ploughing usually reaches 30 centimeters. After ploughing, the soil should be fully laid, the water content of the soil should be reduced, the air permeability of the soil should be increased, and the ratio of soil solid, liquid and gas should be reasonable, which is beneficial to improve the soil structure and increase the soil temperature, meet the oxygen and temperature needed for the development of seed potato, and promote early germination.

III. Land preparation and border formation

The main purpose of soil preparation should be conducive to the rapid growth of roots and the emergence of seedlings, so it is necessary to make fine soil preparation, so that the size of soil particles is appropriate to avoid large soil clods. The penetration of young roots of potato is weak, and fine soil preparation is helpful to its growth and development, and shorten the emergence time, so that the rot of seed potato caused by soil-borne diseases or other environmental factors can be reduced to a minimum. There are more Rain Water in the Yangtze River basin in winter. In order to facilitate drainage, reduce soil moisture and increase soil temperature, high border cultivation should be adopted. The width of the border is 1.6 meters, the height of the border is 0.25 meters, and the width of the border ditch is 0.4 meters. The border surface is slightly turtle back shape, and the border ditch drains smoothly.

Fourth, apply sufficient base fertilizer

Potato is a high-yield crop, but only when the nutrient demand is fully met can it be high-yielding. The early-maturing cultivation of spring potato in the Yangtze River basin has a short growth period (60-70 days), so we should pay special attention to the application of basal fertilizer. It is suggested that 1500 kg of farm manure or 75 kg of fermented cake fertilizer, 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium fertilizer should be applied every 15 hectares. The method of base fertilizer is to open a hole according to the density of potato sowing on the border surface, with a depth of 10 cm to 12 cm, and then apply fertilizer into the hole.

Fifth, sowing period

The determination of the suitable sowing period of spring potato in the Yangtze River basin should take into account that the late frost has been broken at the time of seedling emergence so as to avoid the damage of late frost when it comes out. According to the meteorological data for many years, the suitable sowing time is mid-December and late December.

6. Sowing density

In order to obtain higher yield, the early-maturing cultivation of spring potato should appropriately increase the sowing density and open holes in the border surface according to the row spacing of 33 cm and plant spacing of 40 boxes of rice, with a depth of 10 cm to 12 cm, 5 rows per row, 5500 holes per 15 ha and seed amount of 150 kg to 200 kg.

7. Sowing and covering the soil

After opening the hole to fertilize, put the cut seed potato away from the fertilizer in the hole, the incision is facing down, and the bud eye is facing up. After sowing, immediately flatten the soil of the border, cover the seed potato, and flatten the border.

8. Spraying herbicides

In order to prevent the breeding of weeds on the border surface, pre-budding herbicides (Duer, Hornes, etc.) should be used to prevent the occurrence of weeds before sowing. 100 ml of herbicide and 50 kg of water should be sprayed evenly on the soil layer of the border surface every 15 ha. In this way, the germination and growth of weed seeds on the soil surface can be inhibited and weeds can be effectively controlled in the whole growing season.

IX. Covering plastic film

Using plastic film to cultivate potato in winter and spring, on the one hand, it is beneficial to improve soil temperature and promote seed potato to sprout earlier; on the other hand, it is to prevent soil consolidation, maintain loose and breathable soil condition, and is conducive to the development of potato blocks. According to the experiment, the cultivation of spring potato with plastic film mulching is 15 days earlier than that of open soil cultivation, and the yield is about 50% higher. Therefore, after spraying herbicide, plastic film should be used to cover the border. The soil cover is applied on both sides and ends of the border, and the soil is pressed at intervals on the border surface to prevent the wind from damaging the plastic film.

Breaking the membrane to introduce seedlings

About 1 month after sowing, the seedlings began to be unearthed, and when the top membrane of the seedlings was broken, the seedlings were broken to lead to the seedlings. If the seed potato has a large number of seedlings, it can be considered to pull out some weak seedlings and retain 1-2 strong seedlings, so as not to produce too many seedlings, exuberant branches, many small potatoes, low rate of big potatoes and decline in marketability. After breaking the membrane to introduce seedlings and inter-seedlings, the seedling pore membrane was pressed strictly with soil to prevent the leakage of long grass and Rain Water from entering the soil, affecting the increase of soil temperature and soil permeability, which was not conducive to the early growth and rapid development of plants and the expansion and development of tubers.

11. Plant regulation

If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer in the soil, in case of continuous overcast and rainy weather and lack of light, the plant is easy to grow, and a large amount of nutrients are transported to the stems and leaves, resulting in the phenomenon of only growing seedlings, no tuber or potato delay. Therefore, some growth regulators must be used to regulate the growth of the aboveground and underground parts of potato, that is, to inhibit the growth of the aboveground parts of the plant and promote the expansion of the underground tubers of the plant. The commonly used growth regulators are paclobutrazol and uniconazole. The method of use is foliar spray with a concentration of 100 to 150%. It can also be sprayed with 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to inhibit plant growth, prevent premature senescence and promote plant health.

Harvest at the right time

The purpose of early ripening cultivation of spring potato covered with plastic film is to put fresh potato on the market early. When the tuber reaches a certain size, it can be harvested and listed one after another. Listed early, although the output is low, but the market price is good, the output value is higher; listed late, although the market price is low, but the output is high, will not affect the output value. Therefore, all localities can grasp the harvest period according to the market situation. Generally from late March to late April can be harvested and listed.